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(2017:87) et al. argue that translation is no longer a mere cultural production, but should meet the interests of more social actors in the society of the translated language. Here, “actors are organizations, institutions or groups, but can also appear as individuals (e.g. translators and critics, etc.)”. 

Chapter Seven Conclusions

7.1 Major Findings

The two translations accurately convey the information of the original text, and the translation is authentic and fluent. The two translations each present distinctive characteristics in terms of translation style and strategy: the Mr. and Mrs. Yang‟s translations are more faithful to the original text, the translation is more influenced by the vocabulary of the original text, and in the translation of the culturally loaded vocabulary, the choice of “faithfulness” is more obvious in order to maintain the flavor of the original language. The translation by Hawkes and Minford, on the other hand, deals with the conversion between Chinese and English more freely, and the translation is more in line with the aesthetic sensibilities of readers in the English-speaking world. The translators Mr. and Mrs. Yang adopt the strategy of foreignization in their translation, and try to make the translation retain the style of Chinese culture. Compared with other translations, this translation is less tediously annotated, and strives for “faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance”.

When comparing Hawkes‟ translation with Yang‟s, Prof. Dang Zhensheng classifies the former as “translation plus creation” and the latter as “a copy translation”. He says, “The Yang translation shows a great degree of fidelity to the original Hongloumeng, and shows great restraint and restriction on the translator‟s personal space of play or subjectivity. This fidelity is reflected in the fact that the Yang translation takes following the original as the first principle, and makes the transplantation of the content of the original, the way of expressing the content, and the „Chinese cultural elements‟ in the original the focus of the translation, while giving less attention to the intended readers. This is a clear difference from Hawkes‟ idea of translation that actively uses the translator‟s creativity and makes the reader‟s understanding one of his or her concerns.”

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