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the center and the periphery can find an expanded context in post-colonial studies. As Spivak said, “the whole world is post-colonial” (Spivak, 1999:94). In this sense, Lahiri’s work belongs to the literary expression in the post-colonial context, which is concerned with the confrontation between different cultures. For immigrants, intercultural conflicts are inevitable. Lahiri has also experienced the impact of geographical change and cultural displacement, and is also thrown into an unfamiliar cultural environment. That is the reason why the conflicts between different languages, cultures, and religions become the center of expression in her works. In her short stories, the post-traumatic symptoms exhibited by immigrant family members are inextricably linked to the traumatic blows from culture. In this cultural environment, the fluidity, reproducibility, and re-creation of cultural identities lead to the formation of mixed expressions. Therefore, this section analyzes the cultural crisis faced by Indian Americans from a socio-cultural perspective, which is mainly represented as mixed cultural identities of second-generation immigrants, the misplaced cultural identities of immigrant women, and the shattered imaginary homeland. 

Chapter Three Healing of Trauma in Lahiri’s Short Stories ..................... 65

3.1 Establishing a Sense of Security ......................... 65

3.1.1 Establishing a Safe Environment ....................... 66

3.1.2 Establishing a Group for Safety ....................... 67

Conclusion ................................ 80

Chapter Three Healing of Trauma in Lahiri’s Short Stories

3.1 Establishing a Sense of Security

Moving from unpredictable danger to reliable safety is an inevitable path that traumatized individuals must traverse during the process of trauma healing. It can be seen that their first task of recovery is to jump out of an insecure environment. Since trauma symptoms are compound abnormalities, the healing process is also a phase iteration in which an adequately safe environment is prerequisite. On the contrary, failing to erect a safe environment not only impedes trauma healing but also exacerbates the traumatic experience for those who are injured. 

3.1.1 Establishing a Safe Environment

In “A Real Durwan”, the process of rebuilding the sense of security is experienced by Boori Ma in exile in Calcutta. At first, she feels emotionally and mentally out of control in her body, and insecure in her relationships with others. Nervously, she is determined to find the “mites” under the covers that keep her awake at night. She believes it has “a less mundane origin” and can even eat her alive (Lahiri, 1999: 74). However, the appearance of Mrs. Dalal relieves her tension and makes a diagnosis that “Boori Ma, you’re imagining things. It could be a case of prickly heat” (Lahiri, 1999: 73). She points out that the thin and leaky bedding is the cause of her insomnia and promises to replace it with a new one. It allows Boori Ma to gradually regain control of her body, restore her biological clock of eating and sleeping and obtain certain autonomy. In this way, Mrs. Dalal acts as a healer for Boori Ma and provides her with physical judgment and material support, thus forming an implicit therap本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。