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p; barriers and family emotional barriers in Chinese American literature, as well as the social discourse of marginal man. For example, Fu Mingduan presents that The Bonesetter’s Daughter presents daily trivia with silence and aphasia, which profoundly reveals the fact that Chinese women are struggling to find themselves (Fu, 2013). 

Chapter Five Conclusion

5.1 Major Findings

Li’s loneliness is exemplified in her neat but touching way of writing. According to the comment about Li’s works from The Guardian Book, her simple words and neat sentences pack a great emotional punch, which resembles Raymond Carver or Haruki Murakami in their sparseness and impact (Fisher, 2011). With the analysis of the loneliness in the six selected short stories, the thesis presents three kinds of loneliness: the aphasia among family members, the sufferings of marginal man, the vagrancy of rootless people. In her works, there are also plenty of emotional aphasics, like Yilan and Mr. Shi. And there are also many marginalized people. For example, Granny Lin is abandoned by transitional times; Han Feng, Siyu, Professor Dai fail to confront their true feelings which are not accepted by the mainstream culture in society due to the external pressure and external authority. What’s more, the rootless people, Bella and Zichen are struggling in the absence of identity and cultural conflict. However, there are a few people like Min who breaks through the psychological shackles and break the silence of loneliness. 

The discussion of the three different loneliness with the three key concepts on loneliness in Fromm’s Neo-Psychoanalytic theory: authoritarian personality, the needs for love and social unconsciousness helps to conclude that the different kinds of loneliness in Li’s works are caused by the reasons for insane personality, love impotence, and suppressed social consciousness. The thesis reveals that no one is flawless in the six selected short stories. Notably, the insane personality of characters often embodies in masochistic traits, which indicates the self-awareness of those characters is not strong and determined enough, and Granny Lin in Extra is a perfect but prominent example. Speaking of love, Li arranges the characters in a loveless upbringing environment, which makes Yilan, Granny Lin, Zichen and Bella unable to establish intimate relationships with others, and eventually, with the impotence to love, they can only  stay with loneliness. What’s more, as a social animal, human being cannot escape from the social restraints. In the thesis, the unconsciousness of Mr. Shi, Yilan and Zichen are repressed by language; Min and Granny Lin are suppressed by the inherent logic endowed by society. As for Han Feng and his family, they are blocked by the fear of social taboos. Consequently, they are solitude in their own ways for different reasons.

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