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本文是一篇英语论文提纲，本研究发现，20世纪50年代至21世纪初，人们在书信中的节俭话语主要围绕着对于节俭的认同、对自身或他人实行节俭的劝勉、对节俭行动的规划以及对理性、适度节俭的认识。

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Background of the study

Since the Reform and Opening-up in 1978,the material living conditions in Chinahave been significantly improved.The“contradiction between people’s growing material andcultural needs and backward social production”has become bygone,and“the principalcontradiction facing Chinese society has evolved into the contradiction between unbalancedand inadequate development and the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life”(Xi,2017).The building of a moderately prosperous society indicates that Chinese people have thepursue of higher quality of life.When we enjoy adequate food and clothing and it is no longerdifficult to meet the fundamental needs of subsistence,the habit of practising frugality hasfaded,and blind worship of consumerism and extravagance can be seen everywhere.However,the COVID-19 recession has been warning people against being extravagant and wasteful,suggesting that frugality is not only an issue concerning morality,but also a scientific,moderate and self-disciplined view of consumption.It reflects the pursuit of sustainabledevelopment in economy,society and ecological environment(He,2021).Based on this socialcontext,discussion on frugality helps us further understand its connotation and thus castpositive influence on our lives.

Throughout its development,Chinese history has been marked by the formation andtransmission of the concept of frugality and the cessation of extravagance,and to a certainextent,the history of China is a history of“thrive with frugality and decline withextravagance”(Zhang,2013).Dating back to the period before the Qin Dynasty,our ancestorsargued that“a gentleman should be frugal and virtuous in order to avoid difficulties,andshould not be indulged with wealth”1 and“be diligent in your country and frugal in yourfamily”2,to“Our system of accounting must be guided by the principle of saving everycopper for the war effort,for the revolutionary cause and for our economic construction.”3and“we must build the country through diligence and thrift,combat extravagance and waste,and encourage hard work and plain living and sharing weal and woe with the masses”4,frugality,as one of the most important traditional virtues of Chinese,has been rooted inChinese culture for thousands of years and has become the spiritual gene of the Chinesepeople.

1.2 Rationale and significance

As a key concept of traditional Chinese culture,“frugality”continues to be passeddown from generation to generation.In this process,a large number of discourses on thesubject were produced in hundreds of thousands of families,and these are the windowsthrough which we can gain an in-depth understanding of frugality in Chinese society.Inrecent years,therefore,some scholars have turned their attention to the materials of grassrootssocial life and attempted to protect and study them.As one of the oldest forms of writing andonce the most common form of communication in human society,most scholars are not able to study them due to the difficulties of collecting and sorting them.In fact,the immediacy,authenticity and the characteristic of“confessing in secret”(Zhao,2008)of folk letters canprovide us with valuable clues to reconstruct context in history.

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