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TWO RELEVANT STUDIES ON CEDS’ DEFINITIONS AND SYNONYMOUS EQUIVALENTS   

2.1 Definitions in CEDs
What is the essence of definition in bilingual dictionaries? This is a controversial topic. The  traditional  view  regards  definition  in  bilingual  dictionaries  as  the  equivalents. Grounded  on  this  tradition,  it  is  thought  that  definition  in  bilingual  dictionaries  is similar to the word for word translation of the definitions in monolingual dictionaries and  that  equivalents  in  bilingual  dictionaries  are  similar  to  the  definitions  in monolingual dictionaries (Li Kai 1990: 347; Li Ming & Zhou Jianhua 2002: 64). These two  views  only  attach  importance  to  the  conceptual  equivalence  while  ignoring  the linguistic  and  cultural  gap  between  the  target  language  and  the  source  language. Thereby,  some  scholars  (Zhang  Yihua  2002,  2007;  Wei  Xiangqing  2005;  Huang Jianhua  1987)  argued  that  definition  in  bilingual  dictionaries  should  be  regarded  as “译义”,  which  refers  to  the  mapping  and  translation  of  the  cognitive  semantic structures from the source language into the target language. 
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2.2 Equivalents in CEDs 
Equivalents play an important role in bilingual dictionaries. However, a large number of equivalents in CEDs are synonyms which may mislead the users to believe that the equivalents of a Chinese headword are the same and can be used alternatively.  Generally  speaking,  equivalence  is  divided  into  three  types:  absolute  equivalence, partial equivalence and zero equivalence (Svensén 2009: 257; Zgusta 1971: 319; Zhang Yihua & Yong Heming 2007: 153). Absolute equivalence requires that the lexical units from the source language and the target language be language absolutely identical in designation,  connotation,  and  range  of  application,  therefore,  absolute  equivalents rarely exist except in the domain of scientific terminologies;  zero equivalence occurs when  the  target  language  has  neither  absolute  equivalents  nor  partial  equivalents, especially  for  culture-specific  words;  and  the  overwhelming  majority  of  equivalents belong to partial equivalents whose meanings are only partly identical to those of the counterparts in the source language (Zgusta 1971: 319). definition and definiendum in bilingual dictionaries belong to different languages and  the difference  between  the two  languages  would  lead  to  the three  phenomena  in bilingual  dictionaries:  1)  absolute  equivalents  (rarely);  2)  partial  equivalents;  3) lexical gap. (Zhang Yihua 2002: 63) 
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