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本文是一篇英语教学论文发表，本研究首先从历时角度分析了话语标记语you know与Imean的基本意义，然后总结出在演变的过程中其功能发生了何种变化，研究对比分析话语标记语you know与I mean的三大元功能有何异同。

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Research background

Discourse markers are also called pragmatic markers,discourse particles,etc.Asresearchers define discourse markers from different perspectives or using differentapproaches,their conception is not highly specific.

As early as 1976,Halliday began to study the words,such as and,but,because,Imean,etc.and he did not call these words as discourse markers but“connectives”.Furthermore,in 1987,Schiffrin defined that discourse markers are“sequentiallydependent elements which bracket units of talk”in her ground-breaking book DiscourseMarkers,which is considered as the first comprehensive study of discourse markers.To acertain degree,Schiffrin’s study was based on the fruits of Halliday,and she systematicallystudies the pragmatic functions of discourse markers.From then on,this topic attractedmore and more scholars and linguists who have studied frequently on it(e.g.,Redeker,1991;Holker,1991;Ran,2000,2002;Wang,2003;Liu,2005;Sun,2005;Wang,2012;Liu,2016;Wang,2020,etc.).

The most acceptable description of discourse markers is that they are regarded as aword or phrase whose primary function is to draw the listener’s attention to a particularconnection between the upcoming utterance and the immediate utterance context.Becauseof the importance of the linguistic term discourse marker,scholars mainly study themfrom some popular perspectives,such as pragmatics,especially relevance theory,cognitive-linguistic perspective,discourse markers in foreign language teaching and so on,which provide strong theoretical support and reference for this research.

1.2 Purpose and significance of the study

According to Trillo(2002),I mean was frequently used by people in dailycommunication and contexts.Many linguists research I mean and you know from differentviewpoints,while few scholars focus on putting them together.Therefore,the other typicaldiscourse marker,you know,is chosen as a comparison in this thesis.

In this thesis,the analysis of the basic meanings and functions of discourse markersyou know and I mean are mainly focused on,and how their meta-functions are expressedin the soap opera Young Sheldon.There are some reasons for choosing the soap operaYoung Sheldon as the resource of example sentences.Firstly,as the derivative drama ofThe Big Bang Theory,the lines in Young Sheldon are simple and easy to understand,andthey are close to the general dialogues in people’s daily life.Secondly,compared withother American family sitcoms,the words in Young Sheldon are polite,because itsaudience mainly consists of both parents and teenagers.For these two reasons,using thelines of Young Sheldon as the research discourse is meaningful to help researchers andlearners to study and apply American English.

Through analyzing the basic meanings and functions of you know and I mean andcomparing the differences between them,the meaning paths of you know and I meanbecome clearer.I mean refers to actions made by the speaker,and it places emphasis onthe explanation of the speaker’s word,while you know is also the speaker’s action,but itfocuses on attracting the listener’s attention.

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