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; extreme  example.  David  Henry  Hwang points out that Puccini presents the West as oafish and insensitive while he offers a view of the East as helpless to resist. Hwang achieves his aim from three aspects which are title,  plot,  and  characters.  To  achieve  subversion,  David  Henry  Hwang  leaves  some details secretly. First of all, the most obvious point is the title of this play. Furthermore, most domestic scholars have already focused on it. 

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Conclusion

Comparing Madame Butterfly with M. Butterfly reveals the following phenomenon. The patriarchal thought is in men’s mind, but in Madame Butterfly, the idea is rampant, and in M. Butterfly, the view is weakened; and women in both works have the will to fight against the patriarchal oppression, but they take different strategies with different ends. Giacomo Puccini, an Italian composer, one of the greatest exponents of operatic realism,  wrote  Madame  Butterfly  at  the  beginning  of  the  20th  century.  Madame Butterfly tells the tragic story of Cio-Cio-San, and it is still one of the world’s classical operas.  In  addition  to  the  technique  of  Madame  Butterfly,  the  story  is  the  most fascinating of itself. It shows people a picture of which women were oppressed both mentally and physically in Japanese society. Women are not only men’s vassal but also a kind of property or merchandise. A man like Pinkerton can pick up his favorite one from the matchmaker’s album, which is full of girls’ pictures and the album is also a catalog to some degree and purchase the merchandise. The price is not high; thus, the deal is a great bargain. If a Japanese man wants to get divorced, he needs to abandon her. Women are also excluded from the mainstream of society, and they can only engage in the jobs from the bottom of society at that time, and their lives are difficult to sustain. And the choices that they can choose are few. Women seem either to be a maid like Suzuki or to be a geisha like Cio-Cio-San. Women’s functions are to serve and please men, and in return, women get low pay. In Cio-Cio-San’s eyes, the only way to change her fate and get rid of this dilemma is to marry a man and get his cover; and otherwise, her future will be as inadequate as her mother lost her husband. She chooses to marry Pinkerton only because she believes that the American law will protect her marriage and  ensure  that  her  husband  will  not  betray  her.  However,  she  is  still  crossed  by Pinkerton. Her trying is failed, and she cannot accept the cold hard fact, and therefore she chooses death. About 80 years later, David Henry Hwang, an American playwright, is  probably  best  known  for  his Tony Award-winning  play  M.  Butterfly. Although  M. 

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