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imals devel-op cuts in theirmouth and on their fee.t Many affected an-imals recover. However, the disease weakens them. Thedisease is not considered dangerous to people. Butpeoplecan carry the virus on their clothing and shoes.段落的第一句是对术语“Foot-and-mouth disease”(口蹄疫)做了定义式的解释。随后各句中的i,tmouth, fee,t animals, the disease, virus都是对定义句的内容进行展开,讲述了受感染的具体动物、患病的部位、以及该病的作用和影响。不难看出,段首的定义句也就是该段落的主题句。Athlete’s footis an infection of the feet caused byfungus. The medical term is tinea pedis (脚癣). Ath-lete’s footoccurswhen a particular type of fungus growsandmultiplies in your feet(especiallybetween your toes)or, less commonly, yourhands. It is contagious, and canbe passed through direct contac,t or contactwith itemssuch as shoes, stockings, and shower or pool surfaces.This disease may last for a short or long time and maycome back after treatmen.t同样,此段的第一句是给术语athlete’s foot(运动员脚,香港脚)做了简单的定义解释,后面的句子都是围绕它展开,进一步深入。第一句也就是主题句。

3　形象思维的表达医学英语的论述有时也像文学作品那样,在抽象思维当中偶尔穿插形象思维的表达方式,以增强语言的生动和内容的深刻。我们在阅读时不能就字面机械地理解,应该找到比喻词与作者所要表达思想之间的联系和共同点,才能达到正确理解。

3.1　句子实例Maternity and child welfare programmes are theshopwindow on a nation’s health services.妇幼保健福利规划是一个国家卫生事业的窗口。Thewhite blood cells, being the warrior cells, de-fend the body againstdisease germs.白细胞是“战士”细胞,帮助身体抵御病菌的侵袭。The bone marrow architecture is highly organizedand complex, consisting ofamatrix or cellular stroma de-rived from localmesenchymal cells, as well as cells ofhematopoietic parenchyma that are descendants of circu-lating stem cells.骨髓的结构是高度组织化的和复杂的,它由母质和细胞间质(由局部间充质细胞演化而成)以及造血实质细胞组成,后者是循环干细胞的后裔。Transplantation is notonly the questofa newmeansof treatmen,t but also opens the doors to new vistas inmedicine.移植不仅是新的治疗手段的探索,而且打开了通向医学新前景的大门。VitaminsE and C and beta carotene, known as an-tioxidants, are considered powerful disease-fighters.可称作抗氧化剂的维生素E、C和β-胡萝卜素被认为是有效的抗病药物。

3.2　段落实例Blood血液Each drop ofblood, in its journey through the capil-lary of the lungs, gives up its load of carbon dioxide andtakes on a load ofoxygen, and like a spark in thewind,the red cell instantly flashes from a dull red to a brilliantscarle.tThe heart心脏It has been shown in the foregoing chapterwhat aself-reliant organ the heart is—how it has the power toperform its work though removed from the body, and towhat a large extent it holdswithin its boundaries the or-ganization for its governmen.t Nevertheless, it is a smallstatewithin the larger kingdom of the body, and as suchis under the control of the brain. https://www.51lunwen.org/sampleenglishpaper/2011/1023/2100181000.html

血液和心脏是人体里面的实体物质,用一种方式描述可以比较枯燥,换一种方式可以显得形象生动。这里两段均采用了比喻手法,把它们描述得绘声绘色。医学英语恰当地运用比喻,可以把一些抽象的东西形象化,深奥的道理通俗化,使人们通过熟悉的东西去认识新的现象,领会新的科学知识。