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repared to “hear cases of marital dissolution, custody, visitation, child support, family reunification, family preservation, victim/offender mediation, etc.” (Stewart 2005:495).
It should also be pointed out that Penny Lane is a constantly progressing organisation and currently it is still enlarging. Notably, nowadays Penny Lane is represented not only by its headquarters in North Hills but also provides additional outpatient and foster family services in the Antelope Valley and the City of Commerce. It means that the organisation continues to grow and its services are really needed.
Remarkably, Penny Lane is still headed by Ive Markovits who is not only the founder but also the executive director of the organisation. Penny Lane’s board of directors includes Arthur Bar Jr, the president, Annick-Derrick Hammon, the vice-president, Bruce Hector, M.D., W. Robert Crigler, Ph.D., Bobby Smith, Margee Menell, Olga Moretti, Esq., and Ann Hill. Such an organisation provides Penny Lane with effective work leading to positive results.

By the way, speaking about the results in financial terms, it is necessary to underline that Penny Lane is non-profit organisation, as it has been just mentioned above, but its financial position is quite good. For instance, last year Penny Lane’s projected operating budget for fiscal year 2005 constituted $26,156,460 and “all donations are tax deductible and are used for programs and activities not covered by current funding sources” (Stewart 2005:498). As a result, it is possible to say that financial position of Penny Lane indicates at the effectiveness of its operation and growing need in its services in the region where the organisation operates.

Socio-cultural significance 社会文化的意义

Obviously, the functioning of Penny Lane as a non-profit organisation is very significant for socio-cultural life of the society because it fulfils the functions that no other organisation can currently fulfil, i.e. neither state services nor commercial organisations can provide such services or at least they can only partially solve the problems troubled teens, youth and their foster families regularly face.
Speaking about social role of Penny Lane, it is necessary to point out that the organisation contributes to socialisation of children and young people who have significant troubles in their social life. It means that as a rule, teens and youth Penny Lane takes care about tend to be marginalized and can easily become a sort of outcasts without certain support from outside. Naturally, it is particularly important for a child to have a family, even if it is a foster family since it is one of the main condition of normal socialisation of an individual, otherwise, a child lacking family support and being under the influence of a peer group risks to acquire anti-social habits and model of behaviour that is absolutely unacceptable and may have far reaching consequences for both the individual and the society at large, while the main goal of Penny Lane is the integration of troubled teens and youth in social and family life.
At the same time, Penny Lane plays a very important cultural role because troubled children and teens acquire essential socio-cultural experience due to better integration into the society through foster families, for instance. In such a way, they acquire cultural norms accepted in the society