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r uses this idiom to emphasize that the museum is very weird and strange. However, if Chinese students do not know this historical knowledge, they may fail to understand it.
Similarly, the following sentence seems easy but actually difficult for students to understand. “The United States has set up a loneliness industry.” The phrase “loneliness industry” is a part of welfare work in US. Because more and more children do not live with their parents, more and more lonely elders appealed. Having no people to care them becomes a society problem. Therefore, America government launched a project to help elders, “named loneliness industry.”
2.2 Regional Factors                                        
Regional culture, here, refers to the culture that can be shaped by natural conditions and geographical environment of an area. These effects on culture may become comprehension barriers to Chinese students in the process of reading. For example, “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art and more temperate.” This poem is a part of Shakespeare’s sonnet 18. He compared the lover to a summer’s day, which is difficult for Chinese students to understand. To fully understand this sonnet, they should know relevant geographical knowledge. As Britain is a high-latitude country, the average summer temperature is about 20 degrees and the day time is very long, from about 4 am to about 10 pm; therefore the summer in Britain is pleasantly cool and delightful. It is obviously different from the hot summer of most regions in China, especially in south China where the hot summer is very hard to endure and causes people to feel unhappy.
British poet Shelley’s poem “Ode to the West Wind” compared the west wind to the warm and delightful wind that brings forth spring. However, to Chinese people, the west wind means not only coldness but also decline and depression.
Let’s look at some other examples. When you see a sentence like “She is a cat.” You maybe associated the woman with a greedy person. But in English speaking country, this sentence means “She is a woman full of courtesy.” When Chinese people first come across with “drink like a fish”, they hardy associated with “drink water deeply.” In China “fish” just “breathe deeply” instead of “drink deeply.” This is simple common sense of zoology. One more example, “You chicken! He cried, looking at Tom with contempt.” It’s very difficult for a Chinese to understand. Here “You chicken!” means “You are a timid person.”
2.3 Social Customary Factors
English and Chinese are the products of two language users’ different life experience and custom. The two different customs necessarily lead to the different ways of and views on learning and observing things. For instance, English and Chinese have different ideas on colors. The Chinese may use “红眼病” to refer to a jealous person while the English use “a green-eyed person” to express the same meaning. Many students don’t know this difference and understand “red-eye” is. The sentence “Former teaching is a red-eye, sweaty-palm, sinking-stomach profession.”(Li Yinhua, 1997) as “红眼病” which may puzzle a lot of Chinese readers. How can a hard-working teacher become a jealous one?
If you do not know the state system of English country, there will be some comprehension barriers. For example, there is a dialogue.
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