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organization. The lowercase c culture has a directly effect on language. It is the direct response of social reality. But language is a part of culture. “…is the guide of social reality, … is a mirror of national culture and customs.”(Hu Wenzhong, 1989) Language can not exist without culture. Ward Goodenough once said, the language of a society is a part of its culture. The relationship of culture and language is part and whole. As components of culture, language has its own speciality. It is a tool for learning culture. People gains culture during the process of learning and using. (Wang Fuxiang & Wu Hanying, 1997) That is to say the relationship between language and culture is mutual restriction.
3.1 Language and Culture
Language is the principal means whereby we conduct our social livers. When it is used in contexts of communication, it is bound up with culture in multiple and complex ways.
To begin with, the words people utter refer to common experience. They express facts, ideas or events that are communicable because they refer to a stock of knowledge about the world that other people share. Words also reflect their authors’ attitudes and beliefs, their point of view, which are also those of others. In both cases, language expresses cultural reality.
But members of a community or social group do not only express experience; they also create experience through language. They give meaning to it through the medium they choose to communicate with one another, for example, speaking on the telephone or face-to –face, writing a letter or sending an e-mail message, reading the newspaper or interpreting a graph or a chart. The way in which people use the spoken, written, or visual medium itself creates meanings that are understandable to the group they belong to, for example, through a speaker’s tone of voice, accent, conversational style, gestures and facial expressions. Through all its verbal and non-verbal aspects, language embodies cultural reality.
Finally, language is a system of signs that is seen as having itself a cultural value. Speakers identify themselves and others through their use of language; they vies their language as a symbol of their social identity. The prohibition of its use is often perceived by their social identity. The prohibition of its use is often perceived by its speakers as a rejection of their social group and their culture. Thus we can say that language symbolizes cultural reality.
3.2 Cultural Differences and Comprehension of Words

As is mentioned above, the meaning of a word is conditioned by social conventions. Words of every language are culturally bound (Zhang Weiyou, 1991). It follows that words, as basic components of language, reflect cultural differences widely. While learning new lexical items in English, it is very important for one to know not only their denotations, but also their connotations. It is known that both English and Chinese cultures have a long history and there are many differences between the two cultures due to the different geographic locations, nationalities and social customs. But both Chinese and English languages, as the carriers of the two cultures, reflect their own cultures objectively. As a result, the cultural differences reflected by words affect readers’ comprehension and can be seen in many aspects. 

1.      Conceptual meaning.
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