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nclude the idea of entry to details and effective citizenship in their curricula. Pakistani students acquire knowledge and learn some important values in schools, but they do not learn the skills (problem solving, decision-making) and values (civic mindedness, critical consciousness) required for effective participation in democratic life.

1.4 Purpose of the Research

In present era, government is seriously concerned and encouraged to put citizen and citizenship education in proper place in curriculum of social studies. It is hoped that these steps can give better chance of sustaining democracy and civic sensibility among people of Pakistan. The real Citizenship concept requires informed citizens willing to participate in the democratic and development processes at the local, national and global levels. The purpose of this type of education is to prepare informed and participatory citizens. Citizenship education is required for the citizens to acquire desire knowledge, skills and dispositions as well as to have opportunities for civic engagement through different activities to participate in political processes and to engage in community service.

In Pakistan social studies curriculum from grade I-VII there is a Content related with citizenship education. It is therefore important that curriculum analysis and assessment regarding citizenship education in Pakistan must be undertaken to identify what each content and grade is doing to promote citizenship education, as well as to identify their successes, obstacles and future needs or demands . It is accepted that Findings of the research will facilitate in identification of citizenship education content for the development of a comprehensive citizenship education for Pakistan.

1.5 Objectives of the study

To highlight the role of social studies (as compulsory subject) to promote active and functional citizenship

Examine the textbook of social studies for 8th grade with special reference to citizenship education at elementary level

Investigate the awareness in students of 8th grade regarding citizenship education

Investigate the teachers’ knowledge and climate of schools regarding citizenship education in Pakistan

Suggest measure for planning and implementation of text book of social studies and skills learning experiences in citizenship education in schools, community and settings

To develop a model for understanding and improvement of school climate educating for active citizenship at elementary level。

1.6 Research Questions

This study will be directed by the following questions:

To what extent does the Social Studies textbook in Pakistan at elementary level teach values that promote appropriate qualities to enhance good and active citizenship?

To what extent is the Social Studies curriculum successful in teaching values for good and active citizenship?

How can changes or improvements to the Social Studies curriculum be made to include values that can further enhance good and active citizenship?

1.7 Hypotheses OF The study

Ho1. There is no significant awareness in teachers regarding textbook development in Pakistan.

Ho2. There is no si