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2.2.1 Definitions of interest

Interest  belongs  to  non-intelligent  factors,  which  mainly  include  the  situation category and individual category. Interest is the psychological tendency of people to know something or engage in some activities. It is based on the need to know and explore external things, and it is an important motivation to promote people to know things and explore the truth. Interest has a direct interest and indirect interest. As for the  concept  of  interest,  different  scholars  interpret  it  from  different  perspectives. Schiefele (1996) analyzes the research on interest and finds that the definition of interest varies from internal motivation, theme-related emotion, attitude to cognitive motivation, liking, or curiosity. Ainley (1994) deems that interest refers to new things that are novel, unknown  and  confusing,  which  is  a  representative  cognitive  style  of  psychological tendency. Zhang (2000) holds that “interest refers to the psychological process in which individuals generate and realize their psychological expectations due to their desire to understand things and explore the truth in the interaction with the environment” (p. 27). Xia (2002) et al. reckon that “interest refers to people’s conscious tendency to seek knowledge and explore things based on certain needs, and is the intrinsic motivation of individual  activities.  Interest  makes  individuals  pay  more  long-term  attention  to activities” (p. 58). Li (2011) points out that interest has a positive impact on people’s understanding and activities, but it is not necessarily conducive to improving the quality and  effect  of  work.  Interest  has  social  constraints,  different  historical  conditions, different  social  environments,  their  interest  will  have  different  characteristics. Therefore, for learners, active interest in learning is twice the result with half the effort.

Table 3.4 Reliability statistics

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Chapter Three Methodology ..................................... 21

3.1 Research questions ...................................... 21

3.2 Research methods ..................................... 21

Chapter Four Results and Discussion ............................... 28

4.1 The distributive characteristics of the themes in the textbooks .......................... 28

4. 2 The characteristics of the students’ interest in the themes................................... 34

Chapter Five Conclusion .................................... 58

5.1 Major findings of the study ............................................ 58

5.2 Implications of the study ........................ 60

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