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论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:硕士毕业论文 dissertation登出时间:2014-08-23编辑:felicia点击率:21799
论文字数:11434论文编号:org201408171129277011语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:定性参数能源价格方案qualitative parametersenergy useenergy efficiency
摘要:本文是一篇美国留学论文范文指导。1973年石油价格上涨对能源利用和能源效率产生了重要影响,尽管大部分的影响是短暂的。在2003年到2004,有效石油价格翻了一番,在这段时间内,达到50美元/桶,最近它已经达到超过90美元/桶的价格水平。本文简要分析了石油价格的影响因素,对价格危机进行了简要的分析。
Further insisting on the above discussion and also considering the argument previously made concerning micro-level decision flexibility (see also 7.1), the response of individuals living in the developed world comes to the fore. Practically speaking, in order to reduce one's energy consumption a number of measures and ideas may be adopted. A slight change of our everyday behaviour towards energy consumption may result in significant savings (even reaching the percentage of 10-15%). Additional energy saving may be obtained if adopting more radical, attitudinal solutions as well. Some certain ideas concerning either a more rational use of the means already utilized or the latter's substitution by less demanding applications, are given in the Appendix (Behaviour and Attitude Change Over Energy Saving Measures), with the majority of them thought to be realizable.
Concerning attitudinal solutions, the most serious constraint is in most cases high initial cost. Even if the amortization time does not exceed the life-expectancy of the application considered, the idiosyncrasy and culture of certain people comprises an additional barrier. It is in this context that the shaping up of each individual's consciousness becomes critical. Serving the dictates of energy saving and conservation suggests an immediate, efficient and cost effective response that supports the establishment of sustainability patterns, encourages the development of the most deprived and protects the environment by reducing emissions, reinforces security of supply and eliminates energy interdependency bonds.
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Allen, C.K., 1991. The Human Development Index: 'Handle with Care'. Population and Development Review, 17(2), pp. 315-324.www.51lunwen.org
Anon, 1973. Energy for the future. Report from the Working Party authorised by the Council of the Institute of Fuel.
Asif, M., Muneer, T., 2007. Energy supply, its demand and security issues for developed and emerging economies. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 11(7), pp.1388-1413.
Bentley, R.W., 2002. Global oil & gas depletion: an overview. Energy Policy,Volume 30(3), pp. 189-205.
Existing Natural Gas Pipelines (Borisocheva, 2007)
Yamal I (Yamal-Europe) pipeline is a 4,196 km pipeline which runs through Belarus and Poland to Germany. It is Russia's only natural gas export route to Europe that does not cross any Ukrainian territory. Even though only about 17 bcm of gas are currently exported each year through the Yamal-Europe gas pipeline, the pipelines maximum capacity is about 33 bcm. The objective of this route is to meet the market demand of Germany, and eventually of Great Britain.
Brotherhood, a 2,750-km long gas pipeline that connects Russi本论文由英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写,英语论文代写,代写论文,代写英语论文,代写留学生论文,代写英文论文,留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。