英语论文网

者对事件的态度和视角”;[10]另一方面,报道者还可利用“名物化不包含人称代词的特点,对施事者进行虚化”,[9]因而可用来掩盖施事者的行为。如把“the entry into China’s air space” “the landing did not have‘verbal clearance’”这样一种行为看作事物,并且略去了施事者,也就无需说明施事者是如何实行“enter”及“land”的动作,在模糊施事的同时,还使得动作过程具备了实体性质,让人感觉更客观。
同样,甲语篇的报道中也有名物化的例子:
3) The responsibility (评判) for this incident lies entirely with the US side.
4) The Chinese Government has also demanded the US side take full (分级) responsibility (评判) for the incident, apologize to the Chinese people and take concrete and effective (评判) measures to prevent the recurrence (评判) of such incident.
这三个名物化的词汇中,“responsibility”出现了两次,强调对某事“负……责任”。Halliday(1985 /1994)认为在说话者表现责任情态的程度上存在着差异, must的程度最强, could最弱,而相应的名词化形式则显得正式、严肃。这说明甲语篇中两处出现的responsibility只是用来强调中方严肃认真的态度。另外,报道者利用了名物化词容易被修饰或评价的特点,在responsibility前加了一个表示分级的词汇“full”,来明确说明对方应负责到什么程度(如,“一点”还是“全部”)。在另一个名物化词“recurrence”中,报道者通过浓缩名物化词成功地带了一个of短语,使得评价意义更加明确,加强了小句命题的不可协商性,强调了报道者斩钉截铁的态度。
选择被动化的动机多种多样。[1]97被动化除了能起到与名物化同样的作用外,发话者可以通过选择语态来使信息前景化或背景化。如乙语篇中的被动小句有:
5) The 24 crewmembers of the spy plane were flown first to Guam in a chartered Continental Airlines plane from Hainan Island, where they had been held since their damaged plane was forced to land April 1 after a collision with a Chinese fighter jet.
6) the high-tech equipment aboard is likely to have been thoroughly inspected by Chinese before that happens.
“被动句在掩盖施事者这方面往往是最有效的方法”。[8]14使用被动句只强调了受事者,突出了受事者的被动地位。从以上被动句我们至少可以看出四点: (1)这几处的被动句的使用强调了“the 24 crewmembers”所处的“被迫”状态本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。