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摘要：本篇文章试图讨论互联网到来对文化产业产生的影响。从十九世纪七十年代开始，数字化已经开始对商业运营产生影响力了。然而，直到互联网或者万维网的出现，公众开始广泛意识到了文化产品与文化消费已经被数字化改变。正如曼诺维奇所言，“如今我们处于一个新的媒体革命时代——一切文化都在向着以电脑为媒介形式的产品、描述与交流转变。”

network as platform means for more than just offering old application via the network; it refers to building applications that literally attract more people to use them, harnessing network effects not only to acquire users, but also to learn from them and build on their contributions.

Low entry cost stimulate collective intelligence

Historically, the most influential new communications technologies have reduced the price of entry into a cultural filed, creating openings for actors who were previously unable to get their work into the public.(Klinenberg and Benzecry2005).

According to Cuurah, the Internet provides a fertile seedbed for the emergence of what might be termed ‘electronically mediated' gift economies. That is to say, communities of individual computer users that regularly create appropriate and shared an array of information resources, including copyrighted works, in a collaborative and largely non-commercial fashion using the Internet.

These gifts economies operated within the ‘virtual spaces' of social interaction that have been opened up by the Internet-based communications protocol, such as e-mail, instant messaging, peer-to-peer file sharing programs and websites. Consequently, the Internet actually comprises a ‘networks' of myriads gifts economies, which continue to undergo expansion and diversification.

From Google, Amazon to eBay, the value of the Internet was facilitated by the software, but was co-created by and for the community of connected users. Since then, powerful new platforms much as Youtube, Facebook and Twitter have demonstrated that same insight in new way-Web2.0 is all about harness collective intelligence (O”Reilly,2005).

Generally speaking, Web 2.0 looks to harness ‘collective intelligence' through the development of a ‘participatory culture' (Jenkins et al., 2006). The point is that users become ‘co-developers' by generating as well as browsing content. Web 2.0 is about open participation and collaboration, where anyone can add or edit content as users take shared responsibility. Lenhart and Madden(2005) suggest that ‘more than half of all teens who go online create content for the internet'. They claim that:

These Content Creators report having done one or more of the following activities: create a blog; create or work on a personal webpage; create or work on a webpage for school, a friend, or an organization; share original content such as artwork, photos, stories or videos online; or remix content found online into a new creation.

Collective intelligence applications depend on managing, understanding, and responding to massive amounts of user-generated data in real time. The ‘subsystems' of the emerging internet operating system are increasingly data s本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。