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1.1 Background of the Present Research研究背景
自上世纪70年代末结束时就开始实行改革开放，中国取得了巨大的成就，在社会与经济发展中：在一个相对较短的时间跨度超过三十年，中国经济的大约十八倍于实际GDP（国内生产总值相同的）条款（墨里森，2011：1）Since the end of the late 1970s when it started to implement the policy ofreform and open-up to the outside world, China has made enormous achievements inits social and economic development: in a relatively short span of just over thirtyyears, the economy of China has expanded by approximately eighteen times in realGDP (gross domestic product, hereinafter the same) terms (Morrison, 2011: 1) whileits Human Development Index (HDI), a key indicator of human welfare of a country,has risen from the pre-reform-and-open-up level of 0.530 to 0.777 in 2005, recordingan “impressive” growth of over 30% (Tisdell, 2009) in less than three decades;China’s economy has been growing at an annual rate three times of the world’saverage in the thirty-odd years since the year 1978 (Wearden, 2010); https://www.51lunwen.org/translation/ China hasovertaken Japan to become the second largest economy of the world and in theprocess has lifted over 600 million of its citizens out of poverty, which is consideredas “an achievement of staggering proportions”1by the United Nations.Accompanying such phenomenal achievements in the era of globalization is arapid increase in the flow of goods, services and personnel into and out of China.According to a government whitepaper released by the Information Office of the StateCouncil, China’s cabinet, “by the end of 2010 China had been the world’s largestexporter and second-largest importer for two consecutive years”2, only less than tenyears after China’s accession to the World Trade Organization in 2001; according tothe 2011 edition of the UNWTO Tourism Highlights, the annual review report by theWorld Tourism Organization on the development of international tourism industry,China became the third most popular tourist destination of the world in the year 2010,receiving a total of 55.7 million international tourist arrivals and garnering 45.8billion US dollars in revenue3; in addition, the results of the sixth national populationcensus of China in 2010, the latest of its kind, showed that a total of 201,955 foreignnationals were working in the mainland of China. That demographic figurerepresented an estimated expat community of 1.02 million in China4; and finally,according to the annual work report of the Supreme People’s Court (which is thehighest court of law in China) made before the annual session of the National People’sCongress, China’s national parliament, in March 2011, courts on the mainland ofChina heard and concluded as many as 20,258 commercial, marine and maritimecases involving foreign individuals and/or entities in the year 2010 alone. To sum up,with China emerging as an important player on the international arena and theintegration of China into the international community, the exchanges and interactionsbetween China and the rest of the world have been expanding rapidly, and it is safe toassume that there is increasing interest in and urgent practical need for a properunderstanding of China, including its legal system, i.e., the laws, administrativeregulations and other regulatory documents and the interpretation and enforcementthereof, which affects almost all aspects of such exchanges and inte本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。