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Words form the foundation of sentences and, to a significant extent, convey the information, ideas, and emotions contained within a text. Nevertheless, for many translators, words represent the most conspicuous and pervasive obstacle in translation (Nida, 2001). The source text belongs to the genre of ecological and scientific writing, encompassing numerous specialized terms from the fields of ecology and science. During translation, the translator adopts annotation, transforming of verbs, ellipsis, and expansion techniques to ensure that readers can grasp the source text’s meaning as fully as possible, thus fulfilling the translation’s objectives and purposes.

4.1.1 Annotation

During translation, the handling of words proves critical. Due to the source text’s characteristics, it contains numerous terminologies. Although incorporating annotations may deviate from the conciseness principle in popular science text translation, judicious use of annotations can enhance target language recipients’ comprehension and facilitate language and cultural communication (Qiu, 2014).

Example 1

ST: Most of the bananas shipped to Europe and the United States are a single genetically modified variety known as Cavendish bananas.

DT: 然而运往欧洲和美国的香蕉主要是一种名为卡文迪许的经过基因改造的香蕉品种。

TT: 然而运往欧洲和美国的香蕉主要是一种名为卡文迪许（Cavendish bananas）的经过基因改造的香蕉品种。（卡文迪许香蕉：一种起源于中国和越南、以英国德文郡第六公爵威廉·卡文迪许的名字命名的香蕉品种，因能抵抗巴拿马病而流行于全球）

Analysis: The term 卡文迪许香蕉 (“Cavendish bananas”) may be unfamiliar to Chinese readers, necessitating an explanation. In China, bananas are primarily classified into two categories, 香蕉 (“banana”) and 芭蕉 (“plantain”), with foreign names being relatively rare. Consequently, ordinary readers may lack understanding unless they possess expertise in banana science. Although the fidelity rule emphasizes precise meaning transfer between languages, the skopos rule maintains that target readers’ reactions hold importance. In this case, the fidelity rule yields to the skopos rule for the sake of readers’ comprehension. The annotation aims to provide readers with a clear and accurate understanding of the translation

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Chapter Five Conclusion

5.1 Findings of the Project

Despite the challenges and obstacles encountered throughout the translation process, the translator successfully accomplished the project, gaining invaluable insights and broadening horizons. Several key discoveries were made in the process.

In analyzing vocabulary, the translator employed various techniques depending on the context. Given the specialized nature of the text, the annotation method was used for technical terms, providing background knowledge for general readers. Static words were converted into dynamic ones to cater to Chinese readers, while less significant words were omitted to maintain the translation’s indirectness. Furthermore, the expansion technique was employed to ensure a fluent translation.

Regarding sentence analysis, the translator tackled difficulties with three distinct approaches. Long and intrica本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。