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>Although Klara and the Sun is a soft science fiction novel, “lift” is still the thread of Kazuo Ishiguro throughout the novel. The novel does not describe this technology in detail, but it is easy to see that “lift” is actually a means to improve human intelligence through biotechnological means, which is similar to CRISPR. When CRISPR technology was developed in 2013, research and uses of gene editing technology were already well underway and continuing to advance. Many ethical difficulties surrounding the use of human subjects have been highlighted in some research and applications. In terms of social ethics, given the blurred boundaries of clinical gene editing technology, parents may perform trait selection in humans through prenatal testing and gene editing, exacerbating societal prejudice and narrow-mindedness. (Wang Huiyuan et al, 2021: 1261)  

Conclusion

As an immigrant writer, Kazuo Ishiguro does not focus on the topics of colonization and race that other cross-cultural writers have focused on but rather on individual identity and the common destiny of human beings from an international perspective. Never Let Me Go (2005) and Klara and the Sun (2021), his two latest “soft science fiction” novels, are set in the future, warning humans to pay attention to the construction of ethical order in a post-modern society with rapid technological development. Kazuo Ishiguro has been dedicated to exploring how a nation or society constructs a collective memory since receiving the Nobel Prize in 2017, attempting to provide multifaceted emotions and connotations to an increasingly diverse world through literature.  

“What does it mean to love?”, “What is the human heart?” are important questions to be explored by humans and AI in the novel. “Can artificial intelligence replace humans?” and “can robots make their own ethical choices?” are the questions that Kazuo Ishiguro leaves to the readers and the world. Kazuo Ishiguro depicts the future through the unreliable narrative perspective of Klara, an artificial intelligence robot: Modern technological development pollutes the environment, human relationships become cold and distant, gene editing technology confuses ethical identity, and artificial intelligence’s ethical identity is disillusioned. Moreover, Kazuo Ishiguro finally uses Klara’s sun worship to construct a solar fairy tale for this novel, showing the ethical consciousness and ethical choices of artificial intelligence and dissolving the ethical confusion of post-human society. 

reference(omitted)

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