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摘要：本文是一篇英语论文提纲，与传统援助组织不同，MCC的目的不是向贫困国家提供援助，而是有选择地关注那些政府被认为最致力于公正执政、投资于人民的国家，鼓励经济自由——用一套客观透明的治理指标来衡量。然而，该计划的设计和实施表明，美国政府可能对MCA有其他意图。尽管MCC基金的大部分资金都流向了非洲国家，但在整个非洲实现大规模减贫的前景似乎很遥远。同样，该计划在全球反恐战争中的作用仍有争议。

’s greatest success in its early years was in creating an objective process fordetermining country eligibility. A multi-step process was adopted.

First, the World Bank will set annual per capita income ceilings for thelow-income countries as well as lower-middle-income countries every year. Thecandidate countries of the MCC are selected according to their per capita income levels. Meanwhile, the eligibility to receive aid under U.S. law is necessary, andcountries with specified legal prohibitions on assistance will be moved out of thecandidate country list (section 608(a) of the Act). In FY2020, there are 63 candidatecountries identified by the Board of MCC, including 60 low-income countries andthree lower-middle-income countries (MCC Report on the Criteria and Methodology2019).

Second, a set of 20 indicators produced by independent outside sources wereselected to measure country performance in there baskets: “ruling justly, investing inpeople, and economic freedom”. The funds of MCC will be appropriated in acompetitive way to a few countries that have demonstrated sound developmentpolicies and where the U.S. support will have the best opportunities for achievingintended results. Specifically, country selection is based largely, but not exclusively,on the nation’s records of 20 indicators. All of the countries that met the incomecriteria are then scored and ranked based on the indicators. To “pass” the scorecard, acountry must meet the performance standards on 10 of the 20 indicators, includingtwo hard hurdles -- the “Control of Corruption” indicator and one of the democracyindicators (“Political Rights” or “Civil Liberties”).

Chapter 2 MCC in Africa

2.1 The United States’ Interests in Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa consists of 48 countries with a total area of 9.4 millionsquare miles. One billion out of 7 billion people on earth live in Africa (CatoHandbook for Policymakers 745). Africa is the world’s poorest continent, but it is nolonger a “hopeless continent”. Since the start of the new millennium, per capitaincome in Africa has increased by more than 50 percent. Its growth rate has averagedalmost 5 percent per year not only as a result of high commodity prices but also as aresult of better economic policies.

Africa seems to have caught the world’s attention, but it is mainly due to nationalsecurity and economic interests. A large engagement with Africa is frequentlyconsidered altruistic or a national security imperative only for counter-terrorism. But,in reality, the U.S.’s contact with and interest in Africa date back almost two millennia,today’s U.S. engagement with Africa has evolved significantly from those of pasttimes, and future objectives include achieving economic prosperity and development,security, and good governance for Africa’s 48 nations.

The United States will partner with African countries for the purpose of pursuingthe following interdependent objectives:

First of all, the quest for resources. As can be seen, Africa contains many of theworld’s fastest-growing economies, which makes it one of the hopeful regions in theworld. Africa possesses significant natural resource wealth and its developmentrepresents a potential new market for U.S. goods and services. It has the largest arablelandmass all over the world and more than half of the population in the region is本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。