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Similar to other ancient countries in the world,Afghanistan is originally amonarchy until 1973 when Mohammed Dawood Khan seized the power in a coup andestablished Republic of Afghanistan.Under the prolonged wars and social turbulence,the ruling class is extreme corrupt while the government don’t have the capability toestablish an impartial and harmonious social system.Compared to the upper class,civilians seldom have rights in society.There was no judicial system for the poor toseek justice and the lower class rarely have the opportunity to get education.In thenovel,Mariam’s half-siblings were all sent to schools to receive education,but whenMariam wanted to go to school,her willing was forbidden by her mother.The socialhierarchical system is rigid.There was an insurmountable barrier between lower classand upper class.In the novel,Mariam’s mother,Nana,is a typical victim in the hierarchical society.Nana was originally a servant who worked in the house ofMariam’s father,Jalil.Jalil is a noble man in Herat who has a great deal of wealth.“Inaddition to the cinema,Jalil owned land in Karokh,land in Farah,three carpet stores,a clothing shop,and a black 1956 Buick Roadmaster.”(Hosseini,2007:6)Besides thewealth he owned,he also had a great reputation and was one of Herat’sbest-connected men.Compared to Jalil,Nana is just a lowly person who came from acarver family in the nearby village.There is a huge gap between them.The relation ofthem is a certain stain to the reputation of Jalil and his family.Therefore,whenNana’s belly began to swell for Jalil,Nana was destined not to be accepted by Jalil’sfamily.In order to maintain Jalil’s prestige,he told to his wives that it was Nana whoseduced him and it was all Nana’s fault.Nana was thrown out by Jalil and his in-lawslike a scapegoat to a remote place where she wouldn’t bother their life and after that,Nana lived in a lonely,desperate and poor life with her child,Mariam,although Jalilsometimes would come to see them and give them daily necessities.Besides,theliving condition between the upper class and lower class also has a large difference.When Rasheed took Mariam to visit chicken street which belonged to a wealthydistrict in Kabul.Mariam saw the wealthy women lived in a totally different lifecompared to herself.They could dress themselves up and wander on the street freelywith their children.What’s more,they could gain education and get a noble job andhave a decent life.All of these were beyond the imagination of Mariam.As a poor girlfrom the village,she could only struggle for survive.

Chapter Three Accusations on the “Crime” of Mariam ........................... 25

3.1 Mariam’s Disobedience to Her Mother .............................. 25

3.2 Mariam’s Resistance to Her Husband ....................... 27

Chapter Four Special Marks of Mariam as A Scapegoat .......................... 29

4.1 The Identity of Mariam as a Bastard and a Marginalized Woman .. 29

4.2 Mariam’s Submissiveness ............................ 31

Chapter Five Persecution and Salvation of Mariam ................................ 35

5.1 A Passive Victim in the Patriarchal Society ........................... 35

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