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nce makes the Bear Boy impressive and famous. In order to gain fame and wealth, James “would have to be the Bear Boy” with the command of his parents (Ozick 2005: 118). When James was “six years old, he had the most recognizable tiny chin and round ears and furry hair and scalloped collar of any child on earth” (Ozick 2005: 49). When readers visit him for checking the true appearance of the famous Bear Boy, James is forced “to stand still and pose” like the Bear Boy (Ozick 2005: 116). At that time, James is the Bear Boy, a boy who is “indistinguishable from folklore” (Ozick 2005: 49). It is only when James imitates the Bear Boy willingly or unwillingly that he realizes that “he would never be Jimmy again, he would have to be the Bear Boy in bucked shoes and long bangs and flounced collars all the rest of his life” (Ozick 2005: 118). It is the first time James realizes that he lives in the shadow of the Bear Boy. 

Chapter Three The Imitation Lured by Commercial Profit ................. 36

3.1 Artistic Aspirations to Innovate ......................... 36

3.1.1 Rupert’s Painting Representation for Innovation ..................... 37

3.1.2 Leo’s Music Pursuit for Idiosyncrasy ...................... 39 

Conclusion ........................ 51

Chapter Three The Imitation Lured by Commercial Profit

3.1 Artistic Aspirations to Innovate

Generally speaking, a true artist is someone who can make innovative works. This is not only what many artists strive for but also what the art world demands. As to artistic innovation, it is a new representation of art both in terms of content and form. In other words, artistic innovation can be regarded “as a complete departure from the existing conventions” (Castañer and Campos 32), particularly those conventions which have received widespread public recognition. In The Puttermesser Papers, Rupert, a painter, who has the desire to innovate in painting, gives an innovative interpretation to his artistic works. While in Foreign Bodies, Leo has an innovative penchant for classical symphonies. However, both of their aspirations are besieged by popular artistic fad, which leads them to the pitfall of artistic imitation.

3.1.1 Rupert’s Painting Representation for Innovation

In The Puttermesser Papers, Rupert’s aspiration is to innovate classical oil painting. However, in reality, Rupert is a copyist of French neoclassical paintings. He used to travel throughout Europe and worked as a prolific designer of billboards and merchandise packaging. When he finds it difficult to enjoy doing this commercial work, he begins making a living by copying French Neoclassical paintings in the form of postcards. In this case, Rupert’s aspiration to innovate turns to a self-interpretation of innovation. 

Conclusion

Ozick puts her literary characters into a dilemma between creativity and imitation. In their personal lives, both James in Heir to the Glimmering World and Puttermesser in The Puttermesser Paper want to live against the fixed life normalcy to achieve their self-making, but fall into the trap of imitation. For artistic creation, both Rupert in The Puttermesser Paper and Leo in Foreign Bodies 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。