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IWP, a significant linguistic-lexical phenomena, emerged throughout the evolution of the Chinese language, first appearing in the vocabulary of ancient works like The Book of Poetry. Mr. Cen Shifu, a linguist, is the first to do research on IWP. In 1945, he released a paper titled “hé huǎn 和缓” or “huǎn hé 缓和”, which initiated the studies of IWP. From 1945 to 2021, around 300 articles were published on IWP. Before the 1980s, research on IWP was primarily a simple description and preliminary exploration of them; from the 1980s to the 1990s, research on IWP was in a period of continuous development and prosperity; since the 21st century, with the scholars’ continuous in-depth and meticulous research, the vast majority of researchers have explored the definitions, types, lexical properties, structures, meanings, and norms of IWP in authoritative language tools, such as the Modern Chinese Dictionary, the Modern Dictionary, the Modern Chinese Standard Dictionary, and the Modern Chinese Reverse Order Dictionary. IWP research can be described as quantitative and qualitative, with equal emphasis on description and interpretation, and a connection between ontology and application. 

2.2 Previous Studies on the Compilation of FOCEDs

At present, the study on FOCEDs is quite fruitful, showing diversified characteristics. From 1980 to 2004, the studies are centered on dictionary compilation; from 2005 to 2015, the studies are focused on dictionary ontology; and from 2016 to 2020, research on dictionaries are increased. The academic community has established a consensus on the issue of “internal Chinese” in FOCEDs, which proposes compiling C-E dictionaries with an external focus from the perspective of language learners. It is prohibited to compile dictionaries from the editors’ own perspective. Future development of FOCEDs should prioritize enhancing dictionary research from the learner’s standpoint.

2.2.1 Current Situation of the FOCEDs

Zhang Xiangming (2010) elaborated on the development of FOCEDs and representative FOCEDs, summarized the characteristics of the current dictionary development, including diversified types, rich cultural information, and strict restrictions on word collection, and combed the development process of dictionary research theory, which is primarily from experience summary to theoretical exploration of dictionaries. Zheng Dingou (2014) claimed that dictionaries for TCFL have three characteristics: sentence-based, low beginning point, and bilingualism, and he elaborated on each characteristic independently. He considered that sentence research, instruction, translation, and other components of the structured creation of a dictionary for learning Chinese should be expanded. Yang Jinhua (2015) classified FOCEDs as either closed, open, or communicative. He considered that the early philosophy behind the compilation of FOCEDs is immature and that the compilation systems are imperfect. Presently, the quantity and variety of FOCEDs are limited, as are the number of usable dictionaries. The majority of dictionaries are standard, which does not meet the needs of dictionary users, indicating that demand exceeds supply. Common and specialized dictionaries can be compiled for the use of learners. Tang Jianxin and Wu Kun (2018) outlined the research process for FOCEDs, emphasizing that the curren本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。