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nctional new product. “When a completed product goes back out into society, all fixed up good as new, better than new sometimes, and it brings joy to the Big Nurse’s heart” (Kesey 36). It is evident that the Combine is producing submissive, obedient people for society because, in their eyes, those who disciplined by the system and obeying the rational authority are the normal ones. 

Chapter Three MCMURPHY: A CONSTRUCTOR OF THE SPIRIT OF FREE PLAY ............... 26

3.1 A Warrior of Free Play in the Hospital ..................... 28

3.2 A Sower of Free Play in the Columbia River .................. 31

Chapter Four BROMDEN : A FOLLOWER OF THE SPIRIT OF FREE PLAY ....................... 35

4.1 A Bystander Lost in the “Fog” ............................ 35

4.2 A Passive Participator in Free Play .............................. 38

Chapter FIVE A SOCIAL ALLEGORY OF THE SPIRIT OF FREE PLAY ........................... 43

5.1 Mc Carthyism in Cold War: A Repressive Background .................. 44

5.2 Hippie Movement as a Counter-force ........................ 46

Chapter FIVE  A SOCIAL ALLEGORY OF THE SPIRIT OF FREE PLAY

5.1 McCarthyism in Cold War: A Repressive Background

McCarthyism is the term used to describe the period of time in the 1950s when Joseph McCarthy organized a number of hearings and investigations in an effort to reveal alleged communist espionage in various branches of the US government. Since then, this term has come to be used as a shorthand for character or reputation defamation based on publicly publicized, indiscriminate accusations, especially those that lack any supporting evidence (Achter 2020). McCarthyism was like a white fog hanging over all aspects of the United States, the cultural and academic circles also being influenced by the negative effects of McCarthyism. 

In many places of the United States, a number of books were banned and burned. In 1953, the list of books that should be burned in San Antonio included not only sculptures, wines, buildings, and even detective stories, but also Einstein’s Theory of Relativity.  If anyone wanted to rebel, their books would be put a bold red mark on the inside cover, then they also would be branded as pro-communist authors, awaiting trial. Any analysis of One Flew Over Cuckoo’s Nest should consider the societal-historical context of the time period when Kesey wrote the novel. Cold War tension was at its height (MacFarlane Scott 40). In this campaign, there is a change in the way of getting along with others, people are getting suspicious, wary of each other, even exposing each other. In One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, the author Ken Kesey uses a “pecking game” as a metaphor for McCarthyism. The Big Nurse encourages the patients to reveal their secrets to each other in order to get the qualification for a late night-sleep and an early rest. The so-called group talk therapy is like a cockfight. One or two of the chickens are spattered with blood in the melee, so they become targets, and then they are pecked to death, a whole flock of chickens could be killed by pecking game in a few hours. 

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