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sage.Some students even feel their English listening comprehension level doesn’t getevidently enhanced after they enter the college. This situation strongly requirescollege English teachers to develop and carry out more listening strategy training onEnglish majors. During the practice of teaching, the author finds out that pragmaticinference is a good strategy that can be used to improve students’ listeningcomprehension competence.

1.2 Purpose and Significance of the Research
The English Teaching Syllabus for College English Majors issued by theMinistry of Education also needs the students to meet the requirement ofunderstanding the central meaning and intended meaning of the utterance. Listeningcomprehension essentially is to understand the utterance of the speaker. However,utterance understanding is a complicated process of decoding, cognizing andreasoning. In the listening teaching class, the author finds that students can understandthe literal meaning of the utterance, but they cannot easily analyze and infer deeperimplication of the listening material. Therefore, in order to improve the students’listening ability, teachers should not only focus on the language training itself but alsoneed to cultivate their listening comprehension ability.

Chapter Two Literature Review

2.1 Pragmatic Inference and Pragmatic Inferential Mechanism
Pragmatic inference refers to the reasoning process in which language users usesome certain knowledge and strategies to infer the relevance between discourse andcontext, and then master the implicature of the speaker’s utterance. Pragmaticinference is an intricate cognitive mental process which includes various contextinformation search and activation, one or more reasoning process and conclusionvalidation, etc. Pragmatic Inference systematically introduced presupposition, thestructure, procedure, strategies and rules of pragmatic inference. In this mechanism,‘association’ plays an important role. As for the nature of pragmatic inference andhow to construct pragmatic inference, linguists hold different points of view. Amongthem, American philosopher Grice’s Gricean Theory of Conversational Implicature,Searle’s indirect speech act concept, and the Relevance Theory put forward bySperber & Wilson are representative theories.Half a century ago, Grice‘s code – reasoning inferential model paved the way forpragmatic reasoning research. He believes that verbal communication is a process ofinferential communication in which the hearer will contract the speaker’s intention.In other words, the understanding of conversation is an inferential process dependenton context. This inferential model is a process of inferring the real intention of thespeaker with the help of common knowledge (context) and the information providedby the speaker. The hearer will conduct another new inference if he fails.
What affects Grice’s mechanism of pragmatic inference most greatly is Sperber&Wilson’s Relevance Theory. It is first fully proposed by Sperber and Wilson in theirbook Relevance: Communication and Cognition that was published in 1986(thesecond edition appeared in 1995). Unlike Grice's theory of conversational implicature,the general objective of RT is "to identify underlying mechanisms, rooted in humanpsychology, which explains how humans communicate with one another"

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