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lying on authoritative sources allow parties concerned to exert influence over the discourse by influencing the encoding. The conclusion is that sources are essential in news report.
To provide a descriptive overview of how Chinese and UK news media covered the ceremonies of both Olympics, the present study asks research questions as follows:
RQ1: What other topics apart from the event itself did Chinese and UK media cover in the report of four ceremonies, including previous reports and follow-up reports?
The research then comes to its major concern: how the news media in each nation framed the ceremonies:
RQ2: Did Chinese and UK media differ in how they framed the ceremonies? Furthermore, did they, and how did they differ in reporting Olympics held in their own country and Olympics held in the other country?

The Guardian and China Daily were chosen as representative newspapers in both countries because of their prominence and influence. The Guardian is a British national daily newspaper and established since 19 century. It has an average daily circulation of 215998 and ranks the third in UK. The guardian is part of the GMC Guardian Media Group of newspapers, radio stations, print media, and they are owned by The Scott Trust. China Daily is the widest printed English-language newspaper in China and it was established in 1981. It is thought of as the English-language “window to China” and is used as guidance to government policies. It is published by satellite in the United States, Hong Kong, and Europe. Claimed to be resemble western journalism, China Daily is still under control of the government. It is convincing to choose them, and one could expect coverage from each source to reflect the ideology and economic contexts illustrated in previous words.

Method
The method of content analysis was used in this study.

Berelson (1952:13) defined content analysis as a ‘research for the objective, systematic and quantitative description of the manifest content of communication’. This method codifies the text (or content) into different groups (or categories) according to some criteria (Milne and Adler, 1999; Weber, 1988, 1990). It is frequently used in news coverage studies, and can help researchers underline attitudes, biases or repeat themes (Rubin and Piele, 1986). This study is to analyse differences in news coverage of opening and closing ceremonies of Olympic Games, including the prevailing tone and news frames used; thus, content analysis is considered to be an appropriate method.

Samples and Unit of Analysis
Articles forming the sample of this study were found under the search headlines of “Olympic ceremony”, “Beijing” or “London”, and they are from both newspapers’ official websites. Because the search produced a disproportionately larger number of articles from the hosting nation’s newspaper, a sample from collection of Chinese and UK articles were selected using simple random sampling technique. The reporting period is from the beginning of 2008 and 2012 to the end of 2008 and 2012, news on the day that ceremonies were on going will be highlighted and analysed with high importance. Applying these criteria, 20 news reports from The Guardian and 30 from China Daily were chosen reporting ceremonies in Beijing Olympics, and 30 from The Guardian and 20 from Chin