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The composition of the participants is not complicated, which also reduces the difficulty of this activity for interpreter. The personnel are mainly relevant personnel of the Ministry of State Security, commanders of the PAP Border Defense and frontline police personnel. They generally have high cultural level and comprehension ability, which objectively reduces the difficulty of the task. However, they are not particularly familiar with more specific terms and British conditions. The listener has good understanding ability and basic understanding of extremism. Although this reduces the difficulty of the task to a certain extent, from another perspective, it is still very difficult to complete the task perfectly in the face of these well-educated listeners. 

Chapter Two Theoretical Guidance

2.1 Functional Equivalence

In From One Language to Another published in 1986, Nida mentioned “functional equivalence” for the first time, which not only retained the essence of “dynamic equivalence” interpretation theory, but also made its meaning clearer and more accurate. “Naturalness of expression in the receptor language is essentially a problem of co-suitability—but on several levels, of which the most important as follows: word classes, grammatical categories, semantic classes, discourse types and cultural contexts.” (Nida, 1986:168). The so-called “dynamic equivalence” translation is to use the most appropriate and natural equivalent language to reproduce the information of the original text. 

Tan (1989:54). The “functional equivalence” theory amended the previous “formal equivalence tends to emphasize fidelity to the language structure of the original language”. It holds that in interpretation, attention should be paid not only to the meaning and spirit of the language, but also to the form as much as possible, because form also has meaning. If formal equivalence can be preserved without affecting the appropriateness and natural transmission of meaning and spirit, it is the best. If meaning and spirit are restricted by form, then form equivalence can be ignored, that is, “meaning first, form second”. It can be seen that Nida’s interpretation theory has been continuously amended, perfected, developed and sublimated in practice to achieve the optimization the interpretation effect. Meanwhile, it has become applicable to more and more extensive range with greater universality.

2.2 Functional Equivalence in Interpreting

In the 1980s, functional equivalence theory was introduced into China and aroused fierce discussion. It became the most influential western interpretation theory at that time. After that, the majority of Chinese scholars began to study the theory of functional equivalence. 

Tan Zaixi (1999:45) makes a overall review on Nida’s interpretation theories. After careful study, Ma Huijuan (2003:66) puts forward the theory of functional equivalence, which plays a guiding role in guiding C-E and E-C interpretation. Li Ruixue (2013:2) mentions, “the functional equivalence stresses that the audience speaking two different languages should have roug本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。