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s, cohesive devices areindispensible.As different types of business letters convey distinct communicative intentions,cohesive devices used in them are not identical. According to Leech’s illocutionaryfunctions, business letters are categorized into convivial, collaborative, competitiveand conflictive letters. Compared with the other three kinds, conflictive businessletters have to deliver negative messages which may disappoint or irritate thereceiver while maintaining relationships whereas the other three types of lettersmainly intend to establish direct relationship between parties and highlight theinformation that is beneficial to the opposite. With distinct communicative intention,conflictive business letters are endowed with different cohesive devices. For thisreason, special attention should be paid to the writing of this type of letters.

Chapter 2 Literature Review

This chapter concentrates on the previous studies related to the present thesis,which is discussed at length in two sections. On the one hand, it deals with thestudies conducted on a specific type of business letters, that is, conflictive businessletters. It expatiates on the definition and linguistic features of this sort of letters. Onthe other hand, it lays stress on the studies concerning cohesion, including thedefinition and classification of cohesion, differences in the use of cohesive devicesacross proficiency levels, the relationship between cohesion and writing quality, andother studies conducted on cohesion from contrastive linguistics.

2.1 Previous Studies on Conflictive Business Letters
As is known to all, Business letters are of great significance in keepingcommunications between business practitioners in international economy and trade,and they are mainly categorized from two ways. In light of the nature of theinformation given, that is, in terms of its effect on the reader’s needs, four types ofinformation are summarized by Stewart, Zimmer and Clark (1984): good news,neutral news, bad news and persuasion. Accordingly, four kinds of letters, that is,good-news letters, neutral-news letters, bad-news letters and persuasive letters areobtained. On the other hand, concerning the illocutionary functions classified byLeech (1983), business letters can be divided into competitive letters, convivialletters, collaborative letters and conflictive letters.

Chapter 3 Research Methodology.......... 27-34
    3.1 Research Questions.........27
    3.2 Method and Analytical Framework......... 27-30
        3.2.1 Error Analysis Approach .........27-29
        3.2.2 Contrastive Interlanguage Analysi......... 29-30
    3.3 Data Collection......... 30-31
    3.4 Data Analysis......... 31-34
Chapter 4 Results and Discussions......... 34-65
    4.1 Cohesive Features and Problems .........34-49
        4.1.1 Cohesive Features in Conflictive Business......... 34-43
        4.1.2 Problems and Causes in Conflictive Business .........43-49
    4.2 Differences in the Use of Cohesive Devices .........49-59
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