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NA was initially applied to ESP. The formal concept of NA was largely established during the 1970s by the Council of Europe in the field of ESP (Richterich, 1973, 1980) although the term ‘analysis of needs’ first appeared in India in the 1920s (Howatt, 1984; White, 1988). In broad terms, NA can be described as identifying ‘‘what learners will be required to do with the foreign language in the target situation, and how learners might best master the target language during the period of training’’ (West, 1994). In narrow terms, the descriptions of needs in General English courses and ESP courses are distinctive. In ESP teaching, the needs often refer to performance what they will be capable of doing at the end of a course of study, while the objective of General English course is to grasp the language that can be tested on any language examination globally (Richards, 2001). Compared with General English courses, the needs of a learner in ESP courses are specifiable, which will have a great impact on the content of a course. In this case, NA is regarded as the cornerstone of ESP that makes teaching content compact and focused. (Dudley-Evans & St. John, 1998). Long (2005) and Belcher (2009) stated that using the results of a NA as the sources to syllabus design is a crucial practice to bridge the classroom situation and the target environment. The clear relevance of the English course to the learners’ needs would improve their motivation and thereby make learning better and faster (Hutchinson & Water, 1987).

2.2 Cross-border e-commerce industry

2.2.1 A history of cross-border e-commerce industry

The rise of cross-border e-commerce has become a new growth point of economic development in many countries after the 2008 financial crisis (Zhu et al., 2019). China has actively encouraged the development of cross-border e-commerce in recent years, which helps with the transformation of traditional foreign trade companies and industries through Internet (Song & Xia, 2018). Cross-border e-commerce refers to a new form of international trade in which transaction parties in different countries conduct business transaction through e-commerce platforms and the goods are delivered through cross-border logistics (Fan, 2015). To be specific, the commodity is displayed and sold through e-commerce platforms and delivered via cross-border logistics (Fan, 2015).

In the digital economy era, cross-border e-commerce platforms, merchants and consumers rely on modern information networks to connect with each other. Different configurations of network resources can evolve network platforms with different structures. The Internet is dramatically expanding opportunities for Business-to-Business (B2B), Business-to-Consumer (B2C), and Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) e-commerce transactions across borders (Nuray, 2011). A cross-border e-commerce transaction process involves not only the information flows, the fund flows, the commerce flows, and the logistics in the global scope, but also the legal, economic, and cultural exchange among different nations and areas. Information flow relates to the sup本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。