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 the  English  teachers'  PCK. The study takes an example of a rural middle school in Jiangsu Province. The author observed  the  PCK  features  of  two  English  teachers,  one  being  an  expert  English teacher  named  Mr.  Wang,  and  the  other  a  novice  English  teacher  named  Mr.  Pan. After  the  research,  the  author  summed  up  their  respective  influence  on  the  English teaching.  At  last,  an  interview  was  conducted  on  the  expert  English  teacher  who named Mr. Wang. The author takes this expert English teacher as a good example for novice  English  teachers  to  learn.  Following  there  is  an  analysis  of  PCK  levels  of middle  school  English  teachers.  Based  on  the  analysis  some  recommendations  are proposed to ultimately enhance effectiveness of English classroom teaching. 
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Chapter Two Teacher Development and PCK: a Literature Review 

2.1 Definition of novice teachers and expert teachers 
The  comparison,  analysis  and  research  of  the  novice  teacher  and  the  expert teacher should be based on a clear understanding of what is a novice teacher and what is  an  expert  teacher.  Therefore  the  discussion  of  the  concept  of  novice  teachers  and expert teachers is very important. Novice  teachers  are  also  known  as  the  beginning  teachers.  The  term  ―novice teacher‖ in the literature research generally refers to the teacher who has less teaching experience or no experience. According to  Zai Husen (1990), novice teachers means they have completed the pre-service education and training courses, including student teaching  practice,  and  have  been  awarded  the  certificate,  and  employed  in  a  school district  and  they  have  the  same  responsibility  as  expert  teachers.  At  the  same  time they  are  in  the  first  year  of  a  particular  school  district.  In  different  countries  novice teachers  assume  different  definitions  with  a  teaching  age  from  1-5  years.  Some research also defined the beginning teacher as the novice teachers. Fu Daochun (2002) pointed  out  a  novice  teacher  means  who  lack  good  teaching  efficacy  and  teaching ability, who have more invalid, low efficiency or irrelevant behavior in their teaching, and  they  cannot  take  the  appropriate  teaching  behavior  based  on  the  change  of teaching situation. 
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2.2 Pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) theory 
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