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translation only. In Nida’s study of translation theory, the essential idea of “dynamic equivalence”, together with “formal equivalence”, is distinguished in his book Toward a science of Translation. But, he didn’t give a clear definition of “dynamic equivalence” until 1969.
In From one Language to Another (1986), the expression “dynamic equivalence” is superseded by “functional equivalence”. But essentially there is not much difference between the two concepts. The substitution of “functional equivalence” is just to stress the concept of function and to avoid the confusion about the term “dynamic”, which is mistaken by some people as impact. What’s more, as Nida classifies the functions of the language into nine types, that is, expressive function, cognitive function, interpersonal function, informative function, imperative function, performative function, emotive function, aesthetic function and metalingual function, he hopes to emphasize the “communicative function” of translation by adopting “functional equivalence”.
2.3 The Nucleus of Functional Equivalence
In the Functional Equivalence Theory, Nida puts the “Receptor’s Response” as the nucleus of the Functional Equivalence. It is easy to find that Nida pays great attention to the receptor’s response, which has been ignored by earlier theorists. This is certainly a vital contribution in the translation history for it is helpful to settle the dispute between literal translation and free translation.
According to Nida’s theory, the concept of translating shift from “the form of the message” to “the response of the receptor”. As a matter of fact, “the receptor’s response” serves as a vital measurement for the success in translating. An adequate translation should make sure that audience in the target language community respond in the similar way as those in the source language community. That is to say, the critic should judge a translation not by the verbal correspondence between the two texts, but by the way that source language and target language receptors’ responce.
2.4 The Significant Role of Functional Equivalence in Cross-Cultural Translation
A word in one language is successfully translated into another word in another culture and language, then the response of target language readers may be the same as that of source language readers. The study of translation theory has gone through a long journey. Many scholars believe that a qualified translator should be not only bilingual, but also bi-cultural, and only in this way, can produce a good translation. Nida, a most authoritative translation theorist and practitioner, also attaches much importance to cultural effect on translation.
Since language is a part of culture, translating from one language into another cannot be done satisfactorily without adequate knowledge of the two cultures involved. In the research of translation, Nida has become aware of the great importance of cultural factorial translating. He holds that the cultural factors in translating are more significant than the pure linguistic differences. In his view, the most serious mistakes in translating are usually made not because of verbal inadequacy, but of wrong cultural assumptions. It can be illustrated in the idiom translation. SL idioms are often found to be lively in the SL culture, but hardly understandable, if translated literally, because TL readers’ cultural background, which differs by varying degr本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。