摘要:The responsibility of translators’ is to let readers understand what they translate, and let readers have the same feeling with that of the source language readers. Functional equivalence takes the equivalence of readers’ reaction as the most important issue.
ees from that of SL readers, often becomes a misleading factor.
Therefore, “for truly successful translating, biculturalism is even more important than bilingually, since words only have meaning in terms of the cultures in which they function.” That is, “Only by being in the countries in which a foreign language is spoken can one acquire the necessary sensitivity to the many special words and phrases.” Cultural differences have brought many difficulties to translation, and only by cultural adjustments and modifications, can we successfully reach the goal of “functional equivalence”, or go near to its requirements. That is also the close connection between the two important aspects—functional equivalence and cultural factors in Nida’s views on translation.
Ⅲ. An Introduction of English and Chinese Idioms
3.1 The Definition and Classification of Idioms
“An idiom is a set phrase of two or more words that means something different from the literal meaning of the individual words.” Generally speaking, idioms cover set phrases and short sentences, which are peculiar to the language in question and loaded with the native culture and ideas. In most cases, the meaning of idiomatic expressions cannot be deduced from the literal definitions and the arrangement of its parts, but refer to a figurative meaning that is known only through conventional use. Strictly speaking, idioms are expressions that are not readily understandable from their literal meanings of individual elements. In a broad sense, idioms may include colloquialisms, catchphrases, slang expressions, proverbs, etc.
Idioms can be classified into five kinds according to their grammatical functions.
1. Idioms nominal in nature: they have a noun as the key word and function as nouns in a sentence. For example, “White elephant” refers to something useless and unwanted but big and costly.
2. Idioms adjectival in nature: they function as adjectives in a sentence but the constituents are not necessarily adjectives. For example, “Sick as a dog” means seriously ill; “Cut and dried” means already set and unlikely to be changed.
3. Idioms verbal in nature: they function as verbs in a sentence. And they are the largest group, including: (a) the phrasal verbs that are idioms composed of a verb plus a preposition and /or a particle. For example, “To look into”: investigate. (b) Verb phrases-the phrases that serve as verb. For example, “To make it” means “To arrive in time or succeed”.
4. Idioms adverbial in nature: they function as adverbials in a sentence. For example, “With flying colors” means to fulfill something successfully.
5. Sentence idioms: such idioms are mainly in complete sentential form. They are usually proverbs or sayings including colloquialisms and catchphrases.
The difficulty in using idiom lies first in the difficulty of grasping the elusive and figurative meaning, of determining the grammatical functions of idioms. So it’s necessary to learn about the different types of idioms and their grammatical functions.
3.2 The Origin of Idioms
According to the research, cultural differences that can be reflected by the idioms usually include geographical conditions, historical events, religious belief, etc. Culture has a large field and it is an important system. As a component of culture, idiom reflects colorful cultural phenomenon of a nation.
3.
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