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as well, the traditional Chinese culture essence has its own traits, so there are some troubles when we translate it and rewrite it.
 2.2 The Principle of Writer’s Background
Although the authors all come from the same cultural background, their works have different ideologies and reflect different classes of society. So when we translate the book’s title we must connect it with the author’s life experience, background and which class he or she comes from. The translator should also give an introduction to the author’s life, their influence on later people if necessary for the sake of readers’ better understanding of the book and the content.
 Pu Songling(1640-1715)’s masterpiece 《聊斋志异》 has four translated names, Lao Chai Chih Yi, Chinese Ghost and Love Stories, Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio, and The Chinese Fair Book. These translated titles did not grip the soul of the book because they failed to translate the Chinese character 聊, which has a wide range of meaning. We must do a serious research on the word. Some people think that it means Liao City of Shan Dong Province. As a mater of fact, Pu SongLin did not  borned in Liao City.Some people think that it just means boring, when the time was boring, he chatted with ghost, thus the story came into being. According to the Contemporary Chinese Dictionary, it means (1) to appease or to comfort oneself; (2) not too much; (3) someone or something that is boring and tedious; (4) chatting and conversation between human beings. It can be seen from the content of the book, the character means to appease and comfort himself. Because he failed in the most important examination many times in his life, and to be success in the exam and to become an officer in the government is Pu Songling’s goal, then he shut the door to describe the story of ghost to stair the black reality, the brutal officers, and to criticize the old exam system, to praise and encourage true love, in order to comfort his soul in the brutal reality. He wrote the stories to satisfy his imaginary world and to meet his spirit need. So the book’s title should be translated into English as A Legendary Record in Self-Diverting Study.
 2.3The Principle of Culture Influence
Now we come to talk about the differences between the culture of China and those of western countries as well as their inevitable influence upon the translation of book title.
In the broad way, culture means the total way of life of a people, including the patterns of a belief, customs, objects, institutions, techniques, and language that characterizes the life of the human community. Geert Hofstede, an expert on cross-cultural differences and management, defined culture as the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one human group from another. Culture, in this sense, includes systems of values; and values are among the
building blocks of culture(Hofstede,1991). Vermeer gives his own definition of culture. He defines that a culture is the entire setting of norms and conventions-an individuals as a member of their society must know in order to be "like everybody"-or to be able to be different from everybody. (Nord,C.2001:33) Any kind of languages is based on as well as developed from a certain culture. Language is the representation of culture. As a system of signs with their own cultural substances and values, a language can be viewed as symbol 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。