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language rules. In 1898, Yan Fu (1853-1921) set forth faithfulness, expressiveness, and elegance as criterion of translation of Evolution and Ethics, originally written by T.H.Huxley. I think the latter two are the requirements of language. So it is quite important for a translator to grasp the essence of the two languages.
 Let me take Tang Xianzu ’s 《邯郸记》 as an example. The translation of English book’s title is Legend at Handan. The order of the word of Chinese book’s title is noun plus noun, while the English book’s title is noun plus preposition plus noun. The order obeyed by each other language’s rule and principle respectively.
 While translating the book’s title, we must uphold the standard of the equalization of language meaning, and the equalization of language sense to make the translated version be loyal to the original work, and make the translated title seize the soul of the content.
Being loyal to the original work does not mean to translate every single word, as in a Chinese book《王若飞在狱中》. The English book’s title did not translate literally as Wang Ruofei in prison. Firstly, Wang Ruofei was not a famous person in west world. Secondly, when people in western world notice “in prison”, they would consider Wang Ruofei in prison because of burglar, or of a murder. But in the book Wang Ruofei was in prison because of his loyalty to his motherland. After consideration of these facts, the translator did not translate it literally. He applied English poet Richard Lovelace’s poetry to translate it as Iron Bars but not a Cage as the English version’s title. It means that the bars of the prison can just cage prisoner’s body but not his heart and soul. To Althea, from Prom, is the poet’s present to his lover during English Civil War .The first four lines of the last part are as following:
 Stone walls do not a prison make,
 Nor iron bars a cage;
Minds innocent and quiet take,
 That for hermitage.
 This poetry is quite influential among the western readers, so when the western readers saw the title, they will naturally know the book was going to describe a story of a people whose body was in cage, but his heart was innocent and quiet. So we can learn from the example that being loyal to the original work is equal to being loyal to the spirit of the book, and being loyal to the author.
 2.6 Other Factors Influencing Title Translation
 As we know context has a great effect on the translation of book titles. Context includes not only culture but also history. In the preceding part we have discussed the influence of culture on the book title translation; In this part we are going to discuss the historical factor.
     American writer Edgar snow wrote Red Star over China based on what he saw and what he felt about cause led by the communist Party of China. He regards the communist party of China as a red star that shines over China. From the perspective of translation, it is all right if it is literally translated into《红星普照中国》,for we Chinese have the same cultural cognition and totally understand what 红星 refers to.
 But this book can not get published or circulated if it has this one as its translated title due to the political situation at that time. As a result, it was then translated into 《西行漫记》. 西 is the location where our members of communist party stayed本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。