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of social identity. Anthropologist Sapir argues that language is the guide of social reality, that is ,we can understand a nation's thinking and people's living habits of this nation after learning characteristic of a certain kind of culture in which it roots. Different culture means a different kind of ethnical customs and psychological dispositions. Therefore, translating is not a simple transfer between different languages, it is a complicated process in which culture is involved.       Misunderstanding often happens if the translator does not handle the cultural element well. According to vermeer, trans-cultural action of communication across cultural barriers has to take account of cultural differences with regard to behavior, evaluation and communicative situation.
Culture is a very important element in translation that can not be ignored. Translation is also a kind of culture exchange; it is a kind of communication across cultures. Wangzuoliang once said "the biggest difficulty in translation is the cultural difference". Book title are based on the culture of the country. Translating the book title is a reader-oriented activity. When Chinese book titles are translated into another language with a different culture background, the initiator and the translator surely hope that the translated book title will have positive and matching cognitive effect on the target readers. This can be obtained as long as various factors, say, culture, asethetics are taken into consideration when translating. Culture plays a very important role in this aspect.
     The Chinese language and the English language are different , so are the literature styles of Chinese and English literary works. Feng huangzhan once said the English writers tend to use the hero or heroine of the book as the title, while we Chinese usually like to have the titles reveal the theme of the book. Therefore, if some book titles are literally translated, the translated ones are probably too abstract to be attractive to the target readers. Thus, if these kinds of book titles are translated by adding some explanation, it will be easier for the target readers to understand . For example, Oscar written by commander Niles Leid describes a clever and brave American Eskimo dog named Oscar. If the title is directly translated into 《奥斯卡》，most probably the readers would mistakenly think it refers to the Oscar Academy Awards. So it is much better if it is translated into 《猎犬奥斯卡传奇》 which obviously indicates the book is about a dog and his adventures. In this way, target readers can appreciate the book more. Another example is Comeback written by Dick Francis. If it is just translated into 《归乡》, it is hard for the target readers to get enough information, let alone to be attracted to his book. As a matter of fact, it is about a man who led his life in a foreign country, when he comes back to his hometown he is involved into a case. So if we add two Chinese characters"噩梦" to
 the rendered Chinese title, the target readers can get the key information.
The same is true of the Chinese book titles which get translated into English ones. Most foreigners know little about Chinese culture, so we can adopt the foreign way, the way to add a subtitle to introduce the background and content and content. Moss Roberts once translated 《三国演义》into Three kingdoms :China's Epic Drama, which took advantage本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。