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Chapter Two Major Issues and Difficulties, Analysis ofCauses

2.1 Difficulties at the Lexical Level

2.1.1 Terms and Proper Nouns

Fang Mengzhi (2011a: 193) defines the term as a specific word used in any disciplineto properly mark a thing, phenomenon or process in technology, science, art, social life andother specialized fields. The source text is excerpted from the chapter of the EcologicalEnvironment from Jiangsu Province Yearbook 2018. As a kind of comprehensive referencebook, the yearbook must be rigorous and standardized. So it is inevitable to translate plentyof professional terms involving biology, chemistry and other disciplines. Some examplesare as follows:

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2.2 Difficulties at the Syntactic Level

2.2.1 Non-Subject Sentences

Due to the differences in culture and thinking between the two languages, English andChinese have their own characteristics in the sentence structure. In the source text, manysubjects are omitted to avoid redundancy.

Example 1:

Source text: 组织开展首批江苏省生态文明建设示范乡镇（街道）、村评选，共评选出示范乡镇（街道）199 个、示范村 103 个。

Target text: Jiangsu organized the first selection of demonstration towns (streets) andvillages in the construction of ecological civilization in the province, and selected 199demonstration towns (streets) and 103 demonstration villages.

Non-subject sentences are mainly because Chinese tends to be paratactic, so thestructures of sentences depend more on the logical connection of the sentences than on thestructural words. However, English is a grammatical language with a focus on the subject.Except for elliptical and imperative sentences, most (but not all) English sentences tend tohave a subject. Generally, the subject-predicate structure is required to be complete, whichis particularly prominent in the formal style (He 2007(11):89-92). Non-subject sentencescan be translated by using the translation strategies like amplification and voices changes.

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Chapter Three Solutions to Major Issues and Difficulties................................15

3.1 Solutions to Lexical Difficulties ...........................15

3.1.1 Referring to Dictionaries and Parallel Texts ..........................15

3.1.2 Literal Translation..........................16

3.1.3 Free Translation ...............................16

Chapter Three Solutions to Major Issues and Difficulties

3.1 Solutions to Lexical Difficulties

The translation of the yearbook shall serve for the realization of the function of theyearbook, which reminds translators to pay attention to the expression of professional texts,and flexibly adopt corresponding translation methods and strategies in a way that the targetreaders can understand and accept.

3.1.1 Referring to Dictionaries and Parallel Texts

In the chapter of the Ecological Environment from Jiangsu Province Yearbook 2018,most terms are scientific words, which easily lead to misunderstanding. The author hasconsulted various dictionaries, such as A New Century Chinese-English Dictionary and TheEnglish-Chinese Dictionary.The transla本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。