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With the strengthening of globalization, the economic interactions not only enhancethe dependence of development among the countries but also bring increasingly frequentexchanging politics among them. As one of the most powerful countries, the United Stateshas earned high reputation for its democratic system worldwide. However, in recent years,it has witnessed unprecedented crises in democratic process and the political climatesurrounding the 2016 presidential election reinforced the perception of democratic crises.

The book Four Crises of American Democracy, published by Oxford University Pressin 2017, was written by Alasdair Roberts, the professor at the School of Public Policy,University of Massachusetts Amherst. The book describes American recent bout ofdemocratic malaise in a larger context and focuses on the description of four main crisesincluding representation, mastery, discipline and anticipation. This book is regarded as apowerful account of how successive crises have shaped American democracy, which isessential reading for anyone interested in the forces driving the democratic malaise.

The author chose the second chapter in this book as the source text of the translationproject. This part mainly introduces some problems under the “crisis of representation” inAmerican democratic course and the measures that the US government has taken toaddress these issues. As the old saying goes “If the mirror is history, one can predict upsand downs”, we can take American democracy as a mirror to promote the building ofChinese democracy in a more effective way and show socialist political advantages, thusenhancing the country’s soft power vigorously. In addition, the author conductscomprehensive analysis on major difficulties during translation in this report, and providescorresponding strategies and methods for these problems, which may serve as a referencefor the translation of informative text.

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1.2 Categories and Features of the Original Text

In the book A Textbook of Translation, Peter Newmark (2001) put forward thetext-type theory and divided all texts into three categories, namely expressive text,informative text and vocative text. The expressive text usually refers to such texts in whichthe writer employs unique linguistic style to elaborate his thoughts and attitudes by meansof rhetorical devices. The typical expressive text covers serious imaginative literature,autobiography, essays and personal correspondence. Informational text is the text used todeliver information or reflect objective facts to the audience, with an emphasis on the authenticity of information transmission. It is composed of textbooks, technical reports,articles in newspaper, scientific papers, and agendas of meeting. Vocative text, whichincludes notices, instructions, propaganda, publicity, persuasive writing, is devoted tocalling upon the readership to make response through thinking and action in reality to“react” in accordance with the text intention (Newmark 2001: 39-41).

The second chapter of Four Crises of American Democracy mainly enumerates somefacts and examples to describe predicaments of 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。