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foreigncountry, given by the government of that country to people who have to leave their owncountry for political reasons”. The shortage of American political knowledge makes it hardfor the author to reproduce its meaning at the beginning. Hence, to solve this problem, theauthor has to resort to various materials for achieving equivalent and official expressions.

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Chapter Three Solutions to Difficulties.................................12

3.1 Solutions to Translating Terminologies...................................12

3.1.1 Literal Translation.........................12

3.1.2 Free Translation..........................13

Chapter Four Conclusion and Recommendations.........................26

Chapter Three Solutions to Difficulties

3.1 Solutions to Translating Terminologies

The author has introduced the difficulties in translating technical terms in the secondchapter. In the sight of Yan Fu, accurate translation of terminology is an essentialprerequisite for translation work, which could make a difference in conveying the thoughtof source text. Jiang Wangqi (2010) also proposed three principles for term translation:accuracy, readability, and transparency. Guided by these translation theory and principles,the author intends to adopt three techniques to deal with terminology translation.

3.1.1 Literal Translation

Literal translation is translators’ renditions that replace source language words withindividual target language words wherever possible and attach as possible as to the wordorder of original language in the target language (Baker 2001). Shen Qunying (2015: 28)said, “literal translation, as the most labor-saving means for term translation, is anobjective method based directly on the original text.” Fan Linzhou (2014) also proposedthat literal translation is the preferred choice for term translation and underlined thatexplanatory translation may lead to the loss of professionalism of terms. Therefore, forsome technical terms and special vocabularies, literal translation is the most effective wayto transmit information concisely. Here are specific usages of this method in the project.

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Chapter Four Conclusion and Recommendations

Translation is a complicated communicative activity that covers different languagesand cultures, as well as requires a most closing or equivalent reproduction of originalinformation in target language, especially for an informative text. The report is composedbased on the translation practice of the second chapter of Four Crises of AmericanDemocracy. Under the guidance of text-type theory and communicative translation, thetranslation project is meaningful for Chinese readers who want to know AmericanDemocracy and for translators who are interested in the translation of related informativetext.

In the first chapter, the author introduces the background and significance project,categories and features of the original text, as well as the feasibility of communicativetranslation for guiding the translation of this project, which are followed by maintranslation procedures according to practical experience. The second chapter begins within-depth analysis on difficult points durin本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。