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and A Brief History of the Netherlands. The book A Brief History of Ireland has an introduction and eleven chapters covering different topics and events in different periods from ancient Ireland to modern Ireland. The introduction and the first two chapters of the book will be translated into Chinese by the translator.

Chapter 2 The Guiding Theory

2. 1 Features of Informative Texts

In order to translate informative texts more accurately and scientifically, many scholars and translators have proposed different translation theories, hoping to solve the problems met during the translation of informative texts. Reiss (1971: 95) says that the target text of informative texts should transmit the full referential or conceptual content of the source text; the translation should be in plain prose, without redundancy and with the use of explication when necessary. Newmark (1988: 13) also divides text types into three main categories: expressive text, informative text, and vocative text. And he points out that the core of the informative function of language is external situation, the facts of a topic, reality outside language, including reported ideas or theories, and for the purpose of translation, typical informative texts are concerned with any topic of knowledge.

Zhang Meifang (2013: 8) points out that the focus of informative texts is the content. When translating such texts, translators should pay attention to maintaining the semantic equivalence between the target text and the source text, and try to convey the same concepts and information as the source text does. Ren Lina (2014: 298) says that translators should take the reproduction of the content in the source text as the primary task when translating informative texts.  

From the opinions of different scholars mentioned above, a conclusion that can be safely drawn is that, as for the translation of the informative texts, making sure the translated text accurately convey the information that the source text carries to the target language readers is of vital importance for the translators. That’s to say, based on the genre of the source text and the reasons and purposes for carrying out this translation project, the primary thing for the translator to do is to translate the source text in a comprehensive, objective and understandable way. Thus, it is of course necessary to have an appropriate translation theory to guide the translation work. 

2.2 Introduction to Skopos Theory

Throughout the history of translation studies, it is not difficult for translators to find that contemporary western translation theories have developed vigorously, and there has been a prosperous situation in translation studies. Since the middle of the 20th century, there have been some major breakthroughs in western translation theories. Translation theorists have begun to study translation from different perspectives such as hermeneutics, structuralism, reception aesthetics, and reader response theory. And other various translation theories, such as Catford’s system functional theory, Nida’s socio—semiotic translation theory, etc. have also emerged. Among many translation theories, the skopos theory proposed by the German Functional School is unique, providing a new perspective for translation research and practice.

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