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的共性,一般由以下几部分组成:产品的特征、功能、主要成分(主要结构)、安装或者使用(操作)的方法、注意事项、主要性能指标及规格等。如机电产品说明书主要用于帮助使用者掌握该设备的用途、操作方法、使用范围和注意事项、维护及保养等。在写作说明用途的语句时可以套用“be used for...”“be designed to...”“be suitable to be used in...”等短语;在写作对设备特点的说明时,像“Simple construction, easy operation and maintenance, comparatively highproductivity.”这样的句子也可以套用,等等。
(二)替换(Substitution)替换是一种以复制信息内容为主的模因。前文讨论到,语言模因可以是字、词、句、段落、语篇等。相同的信息内容,可以用不同的词汇(短语)“模因”表现出来,即同义异词。下面是《新编剑桥商务英语(初级)》(学生用书)第二版第18页一篇题目为“Driving Eastwards”文中的一个段落:IatvannMateew, a 32-year-old production engineer, works at Audi’s engine plant in Gyor,western Hungary. He earns about $400 aweek but he would earn around eight times as much for doingthe same job in Germany. Lowwages are just one of the attractions for theworld’s leading car companiesthat are investing in eastern and central Europe. In addition to the cheap labour, generous state invest-ment grants have also brought car-makers to central Europe. What really attracts them, however, is thefact that sales are growing by up to 41% in countries like Poland and the Czech Republic. With lowgrowth at home, the world’s car-makers think their money is better spent abroad.段落中的lowwages与cheap labour,car companies与car makers都是同义词组。这就属于同义模因的传播。同义词组的替换使用避免了词组的重复,增强了文章的表现力,符合剑桥商务英语关于写作的语言成功秘诀之一“Try not to repeat the same words. Showa range of vocabulary.”的要义。一个词(组)表达的信息内容是一个模因,一个句子表达的信息内容也是一个模因。比如,句A:The function of advertising is primarily to inform and to persuade customers to buy a productor service.句B:Advertising aims at conveying information to potential customers and clients, and per-suading themto bu本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。