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2.2 Domestic research situation and development
Sun (2003) points out from the perspective of functional equivalence that the particularity of legal texts, the authority, dignity and accuracy of legal language determine the accuracy and faithfulness of translation in the process of translation, so he advocates that literal translation of word by word is the most preferable. Du (2004) analyzes the applications of functional equivalence principle and finds specific implementation principles, he thinks that legal English translation should follow the three principles: 'principle of language deferring to law', 'principle of tolerance for difference and pursuit of concord' and 'principle of contrast and complement'. Xiang (2011) argues that it is difficult to find a completely equivalent sentence in English that can express the same connotation. Ahiamadu (2006) advocates the use of a method of 'hit-and-break' to transform the deep structure of a source language into the surface structure of a target language, making translation more acceptable to the target readers. Yu (2015) figures that due to the differences between Chinese and English cultures, in the process of legal translation, to implement the functional equivalence of translation strategies, it must eliminate the difficulties brought about by cultural differences, he advocates changing the form of vocabulary to eliminate cultural differences.
Tang and Xiang (2012) pointed out that it is not easy to translate legal terminology according to functional equivalence translation theory. On the one hand, functional equivalence is required, but on the other hand, there are often no exact equivalence terms, which mainly arises from cultural differences, especially the legal cultural differences between a source language and a target language (Donat and Candel-Mora, 2015). Tang and Xiang (2012) suggested that legal English terms can be translated by using the following three translation methods: using words with corresponding meaning in the case of near equivalence, expanding the meaning of words when there is partial equivalence, using interpretation, neutral words, loan words or new words in cases of non-equivalence.
Wen and Li (2016) introduced the principle of functional equivalence and the characteristics of legal English, and then he analyzed the application of functional equivalence in legal English translation from the perspectives of vocabulary and syntax, including the translation of Old English and foreign languages, fuzzy language translation, translation of long and difficult sentences, so that original text and the translation achieve functional equivalence, and ultimately make the two languages achieve the same legal effect.
Dai and Guo (2012) found that the use of fuzzy words in legal English is very important. Nida's functional equivalence theory provides a new perspective for the translation of fuzzy words in legal English, which can be used for different fuzzy phenomena. Literal translation, amplification, omission and other translation skills make readers of the target language and the source language readers to respond to ambiguous words consistently, so as to complete the translation task (Xiang, 2011; Yu, 2015; Zhang, 2010).
Zhu (2011) commented that in the process of dealing with inter-lingual legal translation, legal translators should grasp the textual structural features of English and Chinese laws and regulat