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tion, and it chiefly introduces the research background andresearch questions and significance of this paper.Chapter 2 shows the definitions and classifications of appellations and nicknames;the history and value of Shui Hu Zhuan and its translation, and the overview of theprevious research. Then in this part, the paper tries to find both the disadvantages andadvantages of the previous research and make a summary of that.Chapter 3 is the methodology and data collection. In this part, it mainly introducesthe theoretical foundation and the translation strategies of the study, and techniques totranslate nicknames. Moreover, it also includes the research methods and procedures ofthe research.Chapter 4 analyzes the nicknames of the source text and the three translated versions.By examples, this text tries to talk about the translation strategy the three translators adopt,and thereby to find out the translation styles of the three translators in this part.Chapter 5 is the discussion. One hundred and eight heroes are created into onehundred and eight images. Different heroes have different nicknames, from which thecultural connotations are revealed. The article tries to from the nicknames of every groupto discuss the cultural distortion.Chapter 6 is the conclusion. Based on the sutdy and analysis of the former four parts,the author gives the ideas that: In group of appearance, both Pearl Buck and Dent-Youngsare source-language-culture-based, while Shapiro is between them. In group of personality,all three translators are based on the source language culture. In group of specialty,Dent-Youngs’ translation is based on the target language culture, while Pearl Buck issource-target-culture-based. Shapiro is between both two. In group of others, Pearl Buck ismainly target-language-culture-based, while Dent-Youngs and Shapiro adopt the strategyof non-translated. Buck’s translation is smooth and fluent in the manner of target writing,while it is not as neat as the original writing. Dent-Youngs give full play to the advantagesof the target language. However, their translation may be too free to convey the originalmeaning or style for his emphasis on the effort of the target language, which inevitablycauses the cultural distortion during translation. Shapiro’s literal translation correspondswith English writing habits, and he tries to preserve the style of the source text, andmoreover, he does his utmost to the target language. His free translation also followsEnglish writing habits, and keeps the translated text concise and smooth. His translation ismore natural and faithful to the source language culture than the other two translators’.

 

Chapter 3 Research ..............................26-34
    3.1 Theoretical foundation .............................. 26-27
    3.2 Approaches of nickname ..............................27-31
        3.2.1 Transliteration.............................. 28
        3.2.2 Transliteration plus.............................. 28-29
        3.2.3 Literal translation ..............................29-30
        3.2.4 Paraphrase.............................. 30
        3.2.5 Omission.............................. 30-31
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