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tax, nominalization can be applied into smalllinguistic units as words or phrases to complicated units as sentences, thus forming avariety of nominal structures. Therefore, it is fundamental to explore the structures ofnominalization from the lexical and syntactic level before a deep understanding of thesemantic level of nominalization. But beyond that, the contrastive study ofnominalization in English and Chinese play a significant role in E-C translation,which offers assistance to summarize the similarities and differences between Englishand Chinese nominalization, and provides ideas for adopting translation strategies.Langacker also points out that nominalization can be divided into lexicalnominalization and syntactic nominalization (Langacker, 2004). Based onLangacker’s research and other scholars’ discussion on nominal structures, the authorfirstly discusses the structures of nominalization in English, mainly from the levels ofvocabulary and sentence.

Firstly, in the level of vocabulary, (1) The most common structure is a verbfollowed by ‘- ing’, which is called ‘verb noun’ or ‘action noun’ in syntactic research,while Langacker generalizes it as ‘action nominalization’ or ‘factivenominalization’, read-reading, enjoy-enjoying, consider-considering, etc are all theexamples.

Example 1 Plenty of other modern animals make their living in conditions wherehearing is difficult or impossible.

In this sentence, the word ‘living’ stems from verb ‘live’.

The Comparison of English and Chinese Nominalization

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Chapter 3 Translation Methods of Nominalization..........................33

3.1 Translation Methods at the Semantic Level......................................33

3.1.1 Literal Translation............................... 34

3.1.2 Amplification.......................................35

Conclusion...................................... 48

Major Findings......................................... 48

Limitations..............................50

Chapter 3 Translation Methods of Nominalization

3.1 Translation Methods at the Semantic Level

Generally speaking, nominalization is a process of transformation, in which the most obvious character is the change of the structure of language expression, that is,from one form to another. In effect, the change of meaning, which is inescapable, iscaused by the transformation of structure. In other words, the process oftransformation involves not only morphological change, but also meaning change indynamic and static level, and abstract and concrete level. If some texts are translatedwithout considering the logic of nominalization structural transformation andsemantic transformation, the translator will result in mistranslation or omission.According to specific examples encountering in translation practice, the translator hassummarized the following translation methods.

3.1.1 Literal Translation

Literal translation, is once regarded as “rendering, as closely as the associativeand syntactical capacities of another language allow, the exact contextual meaning ofthe original” (p.27), which e本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。